Aim: To determine the prevalence of affective disorders in Turkey among a representative sample of Turkish population.
Methods: This study was conducted as a part of the "The Epidemiology of Childhood Psychopathology in Turkey" (EPICPAT-T) Study, which was designed by the Turkish Association of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. The inclusion criterion was being a student between the second and fourth grades in the schools assigned as study centers. The assessment tools used were the K-SADS-PL, and a sociodemographic form that was designed by the authors. Impairment was assessed via a 3 point-Likert type scale independently rated by a parent and a teacher.
Results: A total of 5842 participants were included in the analyses. The prevalence of affective disorders was 2.5 % without considering impairment and 1.6 % when impairment was taken into account. In our sample, the diagnosis of bipolar disorder was lacking, thus depressive disorders constituted all the cases. Among depressive disorders with impairment, major depressive disorder (MDD) (prevalence of 1.06%) was the most common, followed by dysthymia (prevalence of 0.2%), adjustment disorder with depressive features (prevalence of 0.17%), and depressive disorder-NOS (prevalence of 0.14%). There were no statistically significant gender differences for depression. Maternal psychopathology and paternal physical illness were predictors of affective disorders with pervasive impairment.
Conclusion: MDD was the most common depressive disorder among Turkish children in this nationwide epidemiological study. This highlights the severe nature of depression and the importance of early interventions. Populations with maternal psychopathology and paternal physical illness may be the most appropriate targets for interventions to prevent and treat depression in children and adolescents.
C1 [Karacetin, Gul; Ayik, Basak; Eseroglu, Tugba; Gunay, Gulay; Koc, Esra Bulanik; Ozbek, Fatih; Tekden, Mehmet; Topal, Melike; Turk, Tugba] Univ Hlth Sci, Bakirkoy Res & Training Hosp Psychiat & Neurol Di, Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Istanbul, Turkey.
[Arman, Ayse Rodopman; Fis, Nese Perdahli; Ceri, Veysi; Demir, Nagehan Ucok; Irmak, Mustafa Yasin; Yilmaz, Sultan Seval; Atabay, Ender; Ayranci, Gulseda; Ozdemir, Hanife] Marmara Univ, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Fac Med, Istanbul, Turkey.
[Demirci, Esra; Ozmen, Sevgi; Oztop, Didem; Tasdelen, Bedia Ince; Irmak, Ayse; Kahraman, Ozlem; San, Zejnep; Polat, Hatice] Erciyes Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Kayseri, Turkey.
[Hesapcioglu, Selma Tural] Karadeniz Tech Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Trabzon, Turkey.
[Tufan, Ali Evren; Cakir, Emine Demirbas; Demir, Nuran; Topal, Zehra] Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Bolu, Turkey.
[Tural, Umit] Kocaeli Univ, Dept Psychiat, Kocaeli, Turkey.
[Aktepe, Evrim] Suleyman Demirel Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Isparta, Turkey.
[Aksu, Hatice; Demirkaya, Sevcan Karakoc; Gules, Zafer; Ozgur, Borte Gurbuz] Adnan Menderes Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Aydin, Turkey.
[Ardic, Ulku Akyol] Denizli State Hosp Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Denizli, Turkey.
[Basgul, Senem; Ozturk, Mucahit] Hasan Kalyoncu Univ, Dept Psychol Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Istanbul, Turkey.
[Bilac, Oznur] Manisa Mental Hlth & Dis Hosp Child & Adolescent, Manisa, Turkey.
[Coskun, Murat; Kilincaslan, Ayse; Cakan, Yasemin; Cansiz, Mehmet Akif; Coskun, Nese; Erbilgin, Seda; Gok, Ezgi Eynalli; Goksoy, Seyda Celik; Gunes, Adem; Guven, Gokcen; Kinay, Duygu; Suleyman, Funda] Istanbul Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Istanbul, Turkey.
[Celik, Gonca Gul; Tahiroglu, Aysegul Yolga; Sevince, Oguz; Shamkhalova, Ulker] Cukurova Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Adana, Turkey.
[Dursun, Onur Burak; Demirdogen, Esen Yildirim; Donmez, Yunus Emre] Ataturk Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Erzurum, Turkey.
[Durukan, Ibrahim; Karaman, Dursun; Almbaidheen, Mahmoud; Ozkan, Selcuk] Univ Hlth Sci, Gulhane Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Ankara, Turkey.
[Fidan, Tulin; Ari, Fatma Pinar; Ersoy, Elif Gokce] Osmangazi Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Eskisehir, Turkey.
[Gencoglan, Salih] Yuzuncu Yil Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Van, Turkey.
[Gokcen, Cem; Bayar, Hasan; Coskun, Seyma; Karadag, Mehmet] Gaziantep Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Gaziantep, Turkey.
[Gokten, Emel Sari] Univ Hlth Sci, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Hosp Child & Adolescent Psyc, Bursa, Turkey.
[Gorker, Isik; Berberoglu, Kivanc Kudret; Ceylan, Cansin; Yildiz, Nazike] Trakya Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Edirne, Turkey.
[Gormez, Vahdet] Istanbul Medeniyet Univ, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Istanbul, Turkey.
[Gundogdu, Ozlem Yildiz; Kinik, Mehmet Fatih; Memik, Nursu Cakin; Donder, Funda; Okumus, Nilufer; Ozyurt, Esra Yildirim; Simsek, Nurcan Eren; Vatansever, Zeynep] Kocaeli Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Kocaeli, Turkey.
[Gurkan, Cihat Kagan; Kilic, Birim Gunay; Uran, Pinar; Ay, Merve Gunay; Canli, Merve Arici; Efe, Aysegul; Kilic, Hilal Tugba; Ozdemir, Fatma Akkus; Sertcelik, Mehmet; Tanir, Yasar] Ankara Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Ankara, Turkey.
[Herguner, Sabri; Bilgic, Ayhan; Yilmaz, Savas; Acikel, Burak; Bayram, Ozlem; Isik, Umit; Uzun, Necati] Necmettin Erbakan Univ, Meram Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Konya, Turkey.
[Kandemir, Hasan; Kilicaslan, Fethiye] Harran Univ, Fac Med, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
[Mutluer, Tuba] Van Training & Res Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent, Van, Turkey.
[Nasiroglu, Serhat; Bozkurt, Ozlem Hekim] Sakarya Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Sakarya, Turkey.
[Ozcan, Ozlem Ozel; Bayhan, Pelin Con; Yildiz, Dilsad Miniksar] Inonu Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Malatya, Turkey.
[Sapmaz, Sermin Yalin] Celal Bayar Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Manisa, Turkey.
[Suren, Serkan] Samsun Med Pk Hosp Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Samsun, Turkey.
[Sahin, Nilfer] Mugla Sitki Kocman Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Mugla, Turkey.
[Toros, Fevziye; Yildirim, Veli; Bostan, Recep; Firat, Sumeyra Kina; Guler, Gulen; Gunes, Serkan; Polat, Berna] Mersin Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Mersin, Turkey.
[Unal, Fatih; Akdemir, Devrim; Ozdemir, Dilsad Foto; Aslan, Cihan; Bektas, Nese Dikmeer; Dogan, Busra; Erden, Semih; Horozcu, Havvana; Kalayci, Bilge Merve; Mutlu, Rahime Kadir; Nalbant, Kevser; Yazgili, Neslihan Gokce] Hacettepe Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Ankara, Turkey.
[Vural, Pinar; Eray, Safak; Kocael, Omer; Ucar, Halit Necmi] Uludag Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Bursa, Turkey.
[Yazici, Ipek Percinel] Osmaniye State Hosp Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Osmaniye, Turkey.
[Yazici, Kemal Utku] Firat Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Elazig, Turkey.
[Yulaf, Yasemin] Private Practice Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Tekirdag, Turkey.
[Yuce, Murat; Babadagi, Zehra; Ucar, Filiz] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Samsun, Turkey.
[Yuksel, Tugba; Aktas, Huseyin; Alaca, Rumeysa; Karaaslan, Umut] Dicle Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
[Altun, Hatice; Sinir, Hayati; Sevgen, Feyza Hatice] Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
[Dinc, Gulser; Ugur, Cagatay; Uneri, Ozden Sukran; Alic, Betul Gul; Aydemir, Hilal; Demir, Ibrahim; Sekmen, Ebru; Temtek, Seyhan; Uygun, Duygu] Univ Hlth Sci, Ankara Child Hlth & Dis Hematol & Oncol Training, Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Ankara, Turkey.
[Mazlum, Betul] Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Istanbul, Turkey.
[Uysal, Taciser; Ercan, Eyup Sabri] Ege Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Izmir, Turkey.