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Öğe Anti-HAV IgG seropositivity in children aged between 2-16 years who were admitted to Turgut Özal Medical Center(Kare Publishing, 2006) Özen M.; Yolo?lu S.; Işik Y.; Tekereko?lu M.S.Objective: We aimed to determine the seropositivity of hepatitis A infection in patients aged between 2-16 years who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of a university hospital in Eastern Anatolia. Material and Method: We studied 685 subjects, aged between 2-16 years, who were admitted to our Department between 2004 January and 2005 July. We used ?2 test to evaluate serological results. Results: There is statistically significant increase of hepatitis A seropositivity in subjects attending school when compared with subjects before primary school (?2: 18,46, p<0,00001). There is no significant difference of serological results between subjects of rural and urban origin (?2: 0,82, p=0,365). Conclusions: Age of exposure to hepatitis A infection for children is increasing towards puberty. Hepatitis A vaccination should be recommended for susceptible children before attending primary school.Öğe Detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases and antibiotic susceptibilities of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains(2001) Tekereko?lu M.S.; Ayan M.; Otlu B.; Taştekin N.; A?el H.E.; Durmaz B.; Özerol I.H.One hundred Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from various clinical specimens were investigated for the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The ESBL production was detected in 44% of strains isolated from inpatients and 14% of strains isolated from outpatients. The antimicrobial susceptibility rates of the total 100 strains and ESBL positive 58 strains were found to be as follows respectively: Cephalotin and cefuroxime 40% and 0%, cefoxitin 78% and 100%, ceftazidime 48% and 20%, cefotaxime 56% and 20%, ceftriaksone 52% and 18%, gentamicin 66% and 40%, amikacin 70% and 65%, ciprofloxacin 88% and 90%, imipenem 80% and 90%, meropenem 100% and 100%, aztreonam 50% and 30%, amoxicillin-clavulonic acid 28% and 10%, and trimethoprimsulphametoxazole 72% and 40 percent. The results indicated that ciprofloxacin, imipenem and meropenem might be used in the therapy of infections due to K. pneumoniae.Öğe Effect of nitric oxide on bacterial translocation in experimental intestinal obstruction(Turkish Surgical Society, 2001) Hasano?lu A.; Karadaş K.; Türköz Y.; Özerol I.H.; Tekereko?lu M.S.; Aydin N.E.; Ertaş E.Bacterial translocation is defined as the passage of endogenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs that suggested to be the cause of sepsis in patient with multiple organ failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of nitric oxide by using nitric oxide synthetase enzyme inhibitors such as L-NAME and aminoguanidin in the obstructive intestinal rat model. Fourty rats were divided into four groups. The first one was control group and had only laparatomy. Intestinal obstruction was performed to second group, intestinal obstruction + L-NAME (L-NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) were applied to third group. Fourth group had intestinal obstruction and aminoguanidin was injected to them. According to the histopathological study of the intestine, group III demonstrated less ulceration than groups II and IV (p<0.05). Mucosal damage and bacterial translocation showed no correlation according to the results. The incidence of bacterial translocation was 46.6% in group II, 73.3% in group III and 90% in group IV. Eighty two percent of isolated bacteria was typical enteric Gram negative organisms. Bacterial translocation was not observed in control group. Plasma nitric oxide levels of groups were 14.0±3.3, 31.2±7.6, 12.2±2.5, and 10.5±1.8 ?mol/L, respectively. As a conclusion; nitric oxide can damage mucosal integrity that may increase bacterial translocation but the antibacterial effect of nitric oxide may be more effective and nitric oxide can decrease the translocation of bacteria from gut.Öğe Investigation of hydrophobic characteristics of biofilm producer and non-producer staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates(2010) Ay S.; Güldür T.; Tekereko?lu M.S.; Otlu B.The ability of staphylococcus to adhere certain structures and to form biofilm (slime) layer plays an important role in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections. Hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds are important factors that play role in adherence. This study was designed to compare the hydrophobic properties of slime positive and negative Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from blood cultures. Ten methicillin-resistant S.aureus isolates (five of them being slime positive) obtained from blood cultures of patients at intensive care unit of a university hospital, between May 2006 and June 2007, were included in the study. Slime production of the isolates was determined by Christensen's method. Methicillin resistance was determined by cefoxitin disc test and oxacillin salt agar test. It was determined that the test strains did not exhibit any autoaggregation. The adherence of strains to the three different hydrocarbons as solid phases (butyl-sepharose, octyl-sepharose and phenyl-sepharose; Amersham Bioscience, Sweden) were studied by using hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) method. After butyl- and octyl-sepharose chromatography, it was determined that slime negative S.aureus strains were separated into three fractions eluted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 40% and 96% ethanol, while slime positive strains were separated into two fractions eluted with 40% and 96% ethanol, respectively. By phenyl-sepharose chromatography analysis; both slime negative and positive strains were separated into two fractions eluted in 40% and 96% ethanol. Hydrophobicity tests were repeated at 4°C and pH 6-9 to evaluate the effect of changing conditions on hydrophobicity. However, no changes were observed at these temperature and pH values. According to these analysis it was concluded that; (a) S.aureus strains consist heterogeneous fractions with distinct hydrophobic binding strengths; (b) hydrophobic surface protein secretion may be different in heterogeneous groups, and (c) slime positive S.aureus strains were more hydrophobic than non-slime producing strains. Further research is required in order to characterise the eluted fractions and to evaluate their pathogenic capacities.Öğe Investigation of the presence of panton-valentine leukocidin,and clonal relationship of community- And hospital-acquired clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus(2013) Duman Y.; Tekereko?lu M.S.; Otlu B.Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens that cause community- and hospitalacquired infections by its toxins and enzymes. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a cytotoxin which is especially produced by community-acquired S.aureus strains that cause soft tissue and skin infections and pneumonia. PVL leads to the destruction on polymorphonuclear cells by necrosis or induce apoptosis, so that it has great importance in the virulence of the organism. PVL can also exacerbate the clinical course of S.aureus infections and may lead to severe complications. Studies show that communityacquired PVL-positive S.aureus strains have become prevalent in hospital environments. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of PVL from hospital- and community-acquired S.aureus strains and to determine the clonal relationship between the PVL-positive strains. A total of 265 S.aureus strains isolated from different clinical samples (wound, blood, tracheal aspirate, urine, drainaige, catheter, parasynthesis fluid) of which 88 were community-acquired and 177 were hospital-acquired according to the CDC criteria were included in the study. Methicillin resistance of the strains were investigated by conventional methods, the presence of PVL and mecA gene regions by polymerase chain reaction, and clonal relationship among the PVL positive S.aureus strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFCE). Community-acquired 12.5% (11 /88) and hospital-acquired 43% (76/177) of the strains were found resistant to methicillin. Community-acquired (CA) strains were most commonly isolated from wound samples (86%), while 34% of hospital-acquired (HA) strains were isolated from wound, and 33% were from blood samples. The rate of PVL positivity among CA- and HA-stralns were found as 15% and 3%, respectively. Hospital-acquired PVL-positive strains were isolated from the samples originating from pediatric (n= 1 ) and neurology inpatient clinics and intensive care unit (n= 3). Thirty nine percent of PVL-positive CAS.aureus strains were isolated from samples originated from internal medicine, 23% from general surgery, 15% from dermatology, 15% from orthopedic surgery and 8% from pediatrics outpatient clinics. Ninety two percent of PVL-positive CA-S.aureus strains have been isolated from wound samples, while 67% of HA-S.aureus strains from wound and 33% from blood samples. Five PVL-positive HA- methicillin-sensitive S.aureus strains were found clonally-related with each other by PFGE. When the macrorestriction patterns were evaluated according to Tenover criteria; three of those isolates were indistinguishable, and two were clonally unrelated. There was no clonal relationship between community-acquired strains. In conclusion we observed that PVL could be detected not only in community-acquired strains but also in hospital-acquired strains. The spread of PVL-positive strains in the hospital environment and even create epidemics, increases the risk of mortality and morbidity. Epidemiological studies will help us to understand the clonal spread of CA and HA-S.ooreus strains.
