Seker, IbrahimKarlidag, SemiramisAkyol, AbuzerYil, GulsahKoseman, AbdurrahmanUyumlu, Ayse BurcinErdogan, Selim2026-04-042026-04-0420252193-41262193-4134https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-025-03097-whttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/109804The aim of this study was to reveal differences in the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of royal jellies (RJs) produced by honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies fed with 3 different industrial sugars at 2 different locations. VOCs in the RJ samples were extracted via headspace-solid phase micro-extraction and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 46 compounds, including 3 esters, 14 alcohols, 5 acids, 1 aldehyde, 14 ketones, 3 lactones, 2 terpenes and 4 other compounds, were identified in the RJ samples obtained from honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies reared in Do & gbreve;an & scedil;ehir. A total of 45 compounds, including 3 esters, 14 alcohols, 5 acids, 1 aldehyde, 14 ketones, 4 lactones, 2 terpenes and 2 other compounds, were detected in the RJ samples obtained from honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies reared in the Uluk & ouml;y location. It has been determined that different locations and different feeding conditions significantly affect the composition and amounts of volatile organic compounds in royal jelly.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessRoyal jellyLocationIndustrial sugarsFeedingVolatile organic compoundsGC-MSArticle1932019203410.1007/s11694-025-03097-w2-s2.0-85217233713Q1WOS:001400862100001Q20000-0002-5667-9169