Uzun A.Aydin N.E.2024-08-042024-08-0420011016-5134https://hdl.handle.net/11616/90822Congenital malformations of the central nervous system are common. They have assumed increasing importance in recent years because of sophisticated diagnostic methods and possibilities for genetic counselling and antenatal diagnosis of the abnormal fetus. Malformations may be primary or secondary; this review deals with primary malformations of the central nervous system. Chromosomal abnormalities can be inherited from a parent or new mutations can occur. Teratogens are external agents that alter a normal embryologic process in some way. When examining a case of congenital malformation, the morphologist should try to determine the specific features of the malformation and indicate, if possible, how that malformation may have been caused. Approximately 3 % of newborns have major malformations. About 60 % of congenital malformations are of unknown cause, and about 20 % are due to interactions between hereditary tendencies and nongenetic, usually undefined factors. There must be close cooperation between the morphologists and clinicans for precise understanding of the central nervous system malformations.trinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessteratogenic agentcentral nervous system malformationchromosome aberrationdiagnostic testenvironmental factorgenetic analysisgenetic counselingshort surveyShort Survey13314192-s2.0-0034985680N/A