Whba, Rawdah2026-04-042026-04-0420250097-6156https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2025-1499.ch002https://hdl.handle.net/11616/108025The escalating global energy demand underscores the urgency of transitioning towards sustainable sources, particularly in developing countries (DCs). This chapter analyses renewable energy (RE) technologies and their transformative potential in addressing the energy needs of these nations while ensuring environmental sustainability. It begins by offering a comprehensive overview of various RE sources, such as solar, wind, hydropower, and biomass, highlighting their accessibility and cost-effectiveness compared to conventional fossil fuels. The adaptability of these technologies to diverse geographical and socio-economic conditions is emphasized, making them particularly relevant to the unique challenges DCs face. Furthermore, the chapter examines case studies, demonstrating how these technologies have been successfully integrated into local communities to provide power to residences, businesses, and entire villages. The socio-economic benefits, including employment generation, improved health outcomes, and increased resilience to climate change, are explored in depth. However, challenges to widespread adoption are also acknowledged, including the need for supportive policy frameworks, financial mechanisms, and capacity building. The chapter underscores the pivotal role of these factors in overcoming obstacles and advancing sustainable development goals in DCs. Overall, this thorough exploration of RE technologies is a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners. It serves their understanding and advocacy for integrating these technologies to achieve a cleaner, more equitable energy future for DCs. © 2025 American Chemical Societyeninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessEnergy policyEnvironmental technologyPollution controlSustainable developmentSustainable development goalsCase-studiesEnergy needsEnvironmental sustainabilityGlobal energy demandLocal communityRenewable energiesRenewable energy sourceRenewable energy technologiesSocio-economic conditionsSolar/windCost effectivenessBook Part1499153810.1021/bk-2025-1499.ch0022-s2.0-105023506750Q3