Inci, RamazanAcar, DavutCelik, Osman TayyarTunc, Yunus2026-04-042026-04-0420261462-37302049-8543https://doi.org/10.32604/ijmhp.2025.072072https://hdl.handle.net/11616/108727Background: Bullying during adolescence is shaped by numerous psychosocial factors such as family dynamics, attachment, and peer relationships. This study aims to examine parental acceptance-rejection, attachment styles, and social exclusion factors as key psychosocial variables predicting bullying behavior in adolescents. Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted with 349 high school students in Hakkari, T & uuml;rkiye. Data were collected using the Olweus Bullying Scale, the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Scale, the Social Exclusion Scale, and the Three-Dimensional Attachment Styles Scale. Independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVAs, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical regression analyses were performed. Results: Research findings reveal that peer bullying varies significantly according to gender, class level, parents' educational level, and socio-economic status. Furthermore, our findings indicate that social exclusion (beta = 0.506, p < 0.01) and avoidant attachment (beta = 0.162, p < 0.01) positively predict peer bullying, while secure attachment (beta = -0.205, p < 0.01), maternal (beta = -0.385, p < 0.01) and paternal (beta = -0.217, p < 0.01) acceptance/rejection negatively predict bullying. The final regression model explains approximately 55% of the variance in bullying. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that social exclusion, parental acceptance/rejection, and secure or avoidant attachment patterns may be associated with bullying behaviour in adolescents. These findings emphasise the necessity of family-and peer-focused interventions to combat bullying.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAdolescentbullyingparental rejectionattachment stylessocial exclusionArticle28110.32604/ijmhp.2025.0720722-s2.0-105028591327Q3WOS:001685657200001Q3