Aslan, Caner AliKorunur Engiz, BegumKurnaz, CetinCheema, Adnan AhmadKaradag, Teoman2026-04-042026-04-0420252079-9292https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15010068https://hdl.handle.net/11616/108591This study offers a comprehensive in situ measurement and assessment of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in the central urban districts of Samsun, T & uuml;rkiye, focusing on low-frequency magnetic flux density (BLF) and radiofrequency electric field strength (ERF). Drive-test measurements were performed across Atakum, & Idot;lkad & imath;m, and Canik districts to capture spatial variability and identify primary exposure sources. Band-selective analysis revealed that downlink (DL) transmissions are the main contributors to total ERF exposure, indicating that base station emissions dominate the exposed ERF levels in the environment. Six-minute averaged BLF and ERF values account for temporal fluctuations and confirm that exposure remains well below recommended limits. A one-way ANOVA test indicated that the differences in exposure levels among the three districts were not statistically significant. These findings provide a detailed spatial evaluation of EMF exposure in a large metropolitan region, demonstrating the value of integrated BLF and ERF measurements for environmental monitoring.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessin situ measurementselectromagnetic field exposuremagnetic flux densityelectric field strengthspatial distributionurban environmentArticle15110.3390/electronics150100682-s2.0-105027980211N/AWOS:001657259700001Q20000-0003-3436-899X0000-0002-7682-7771