Methionine residues in proteins are susceptible to oxidation, and the resulting methionine sulfoxides can be reduced back to methionines by methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase (MsrA) and methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase (MsrB). ...

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, many genes encoding enzymes involved in deoxyribonucleotide synthesis are expressed preferentially near the G1/S boundary of the cell cycle. The relationship between the induction ...

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator involved in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). We examined the effect of glatiramer acetate (GA), an agent with ...

Pancreatic cancer is characterized initially by non-specific abdominal symptoms followed by rapid tumor progression. Although chronic pancreatitis is a benign disorder, it can be one of the causative factors of pancreatic ...

Influenza A virus infection is a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current means of control for influenza are based on prophylaxis by vaccines and on treatment by the available specific influenza neuraminidase ...

Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by detrimental immune reactivity in the gut and imbalance between proinflammatory and antiinflammatory reactivity. In an attempt to downregulate inflammatory bowel disease, we ...

In yeast, the cytoplasmic thioredoxin system is composed of NADPH, thioredoxin reductase-1 (TRR1) and 2 thioredoxin genes (TRX1, TRX2). In this study, using yeast knockout mutants for TRR1, TRX1 and TRX2 genes, the role ...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage biomolecules, accelerate aging, and shorten life span, whereas antioxidant enzymes mitigate these effects. Because mitochondria are a primary site of ROS generation and also a primary ...