Abstract:
Abstract Tracheal agenesis (TA) is an extremely rare, typically fatal congenital tracheal malformation.
Lack of prenatal symptoms and emergent presentation usually lead to a failure to arrive at the correct
diagnosis and manage the airway properly before the onset of irreversible cerebral anoxia. Esophageal
atresia (EA) encompasses a group of congenital anomalies comprising an interruption of the continuity
of the esophagus with or without a persistent communication with the trachea. In 86% of cases, there is a
distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF); in 7%, there is no fistulous connection, whereas in 4%, there is a
TEF without atresia. We report the case of an infant born with TA and EA with proximal and distal
bronchoesophageal fistulas. During 3 consecutive antenatal ultrasound examinations, there had been
polyhydramniosis, difficulty visualizing the stomach, and dilatation of proximal esophagus, leading to a
presumptive diagnosis of EA. The clinical presentation, embryology, classification, and surgical
management are discussed.
