Abstract:
Objectives: To evaluate cardiac maturational and haemodynamic alteration in healthy newborns and
infants and determine reference values in this period using tissue Doppler, strain, and strain rate
echocardiography. Material and Methods: The study included 149 healthy subjects. Babies from 1 day to
3 months were selected from the well-baby nursery department, and infants were selected from paediatric clinics
during routine visits for health maintenance. Subjects were allocated to four groups: preterm (36–37 weeks,
n 5 32), term (Z38 weeks, n 5 32), 1 month of age (n 5 47), and 3 months of age (n 5 38). Standard
echocardiographic evaluations, pulsed wave Doppler, tissue Doppler echocardiography, strain, and strain rate
studies were applied by the same person using a MyLab50 echo machine. Longitudinal and circumferential
systolic strain and strain rate measurements were assessed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography
in all subjects. Results: The longitudinal systolic velocity, strain, and strain rate values derived from left ventricle
apical four-, three-, and two-chamber images, and circumferential systolic velocity, strain, and strain rate values
derived from left ventricle short-axis images decreased from the base to the apex in all subjects (p , 0.001).
Conclusion: Significant cardiac haemodynamic alterations occurred during the newborn and early infancy periods
and were detected by tissue Doppler, strain, and strain rate echocardiography. Although two-dimensional
speckle-tracking echocardiography is useful and can produce improved, reliable results in clinical practice, it has
some limitations. Therefore, more studies on this issue are required.
