Abstract:
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. This injury is experienced by patients suffering from
cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart diseases and subsequently undergoing reperfusion treatments in order to manage the conditions. Ischemia can be
especially detrimental to the heart due to its high energy demand. Several cellular alterations have been observed upon the onset of ischemia. The danger
created by cardiac ischemia is somewhat paradoxical in that a return of blood to the tissue, termed reperfusion, can result in further damage. The serum markers
of myocardial injury are used to help in establishing the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Use of various biochemical markers, including lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) total enzyme activity, CK-MB activity, Myoglobin, CK-MB mass, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and cardiac troponin
T (cTnT) have been investigated for noninvasive assessment of reperfusion. It is hoped that further studies will help refine the clinical use of new biomarkers
like high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) immunoassays in myocardial injury.
