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Öğe Analyzing and detecting risk factors for the diagnosis of angina pectoris with machine learning(2023) Özhan, Onural; Çiçek, İpek Balıkçı; Tunç, ZeynepAim: To classify angina pectoris (AP) in women by applying the Bagged CART approach, which is one of the machine learning (ML) methods, to the open-access AP dataset. Another aim is to reveal the risk factors associated with AP in women through modeling. Materials and Methods: In the current study, modeling was done with the Bagged CART technique utilizing an open-access data set containing the factors associated with AP. Model results were assessed with accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (Sen), balanced accu racy (BACC), positive predictive value (PPV), specificity (Spe), negative predictive value (NPV), and F1-score performance criteria. In addition, a 5-fold cross-validation approach was applied in the modeling phase. Finally, variable importance was derived with model ing. Results: ACC, BACC, Sen, Spe, PPV, NPV, and F1-score from Bagged CART modeling were 98.5%, 98.5%, 99.0%, 98.0%, 98.0%, 99.0%, and 98.5%, respectively. Depending on the variable importance values calculated for the input variables investigated in the current study, age, family history of myocardial infarction: yes, the average number of cigarettes smoked per day smoking status: current, family history of angina: yes, hypertensive condition: moderate, smoking status: ex, hypertensive condition: mild, family history of stroke: yes, whether the woman has diabetes: yes were obtained as the most important variables associated with AP. Conclusion: With the ML model used, the AP dataset was classified successfully, and the associated risk factors were revealed. ML models can be used as clinical decision support systems for early diagnosis and treatment.Öğe Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and phenolic compounds of selected Inula species from Turkey(Natural Product Communications, 2013) Gökbulut, Alper; Özhan, Onural; Satılmış, Basri; Batçıoğlu, Kadir; Günal, Selami; Şarer, EnginThree Inula species, I. viscosa, I. helenium ssp. turcoracemosa and I. montbretiana, collected from different locations of Anatolia were investigated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential, and their total phenolic content and phenolic composition. Antioxidant activities of various extracts of the plant parts were measured using DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS assays. Antimicrobial potential of methanol extracts of the plant parts was determined by the agar dilution method against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. All the extracts were more active against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts than Gram-negative bacteria. The extracts exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in different concentrations. Total phenolic concentration of the extracts was estimated with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as standard. The total phenolic content varied widely in different parts of the three tested Inula species, ranging from 21.1 +/- 0.8 to 190.9 +/- 6.1 mg GAE/g extract. Phenolic components, such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, myricetin, quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol were quantified by HPLC-DAD in the methanol extracts of the Inula species. It was obvious that the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the plants were due to the phenolics.Öğe Beneficial effects of melatonin on acetylsalicylic acid induced liver damage in rats(2017) Sarıhan, Mehmet Ediz; Parlakpınar, Hakan; Polat, Alaattin; Vardı, Nigar; Özhan, Onural; Acet, Hacı AhmetAbstract: We investigated the effects of acute high doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on liver tissue and the protective and therapeutic effects of melatonin on ASA related damage. Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups of eight: group 1, control; group 2, administered 200 mg/kg ASA; group 3, administered 5 mg/kg melatonin 45 min before ASA; group 4, administered 5 mg/kg melatonin 45 min after ASA; group 5, administered 5 mg/kg melatonin. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in the liver. ASA treatment significantly increased MDA and MPO production, whereas it significantly decreased levels of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH in the liver. Melatonin significantly decreased MDA and MPO production, whereas it caused increased levels of antioxidants. AST and ALT levels were higher after ASA treatment, whereas these levels were reduced significantly after melatonin administration. Our histopathological findings, including apoptosis, were consistent with the biochemical results. Melatonin exhibits beneficial effects against high dose ASA induced hepatotoxicityÖğe Cardiovascular effects of JWH 018 from synthetic cannabinoids(Medicine Science | International Medical Journal, 2016) Parlakpınar, Hakan; Celbiş, Osman; Özhan, Onural; Petekkaya, Semih; Şamdancı, Emine; Ermiş, Necip; Koparır, Pelin; Soylu, Özcan; Acet, Hacı AhmetThe content of synthetic cannabinoids (SC) which are known in Europe as ‘Spice’, in the U.S.A. as K2’, and in Turkey as ‘Bonsai’ or ‘Jamaica’ is not standardized. Also SC are known to contain approximately 400 chemical compounds which vary from country to country. SC mimics the effect of ?9 - tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which is the major effective content of Cannabis or Marijuana by cannabinoid-1 (CB1) and cannabinoid-2 (CB2) receptors in the body cell. Although the new SCs are synthesized and the number of new derivatives is increased in every day; JWH-018 among these derivatives exerts full agonist effect on both CB1 and CB2 receptors also it has a short-term effect as 2 hours. For this reason, JWH-018 is the most commonly used as SC. There are a few data in the literature regarding to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of SC. Furthermore, most of the existing data are based on in vitro experiments. In the JWH-018 report, at Critical Review Report Agenda item 4.5 Expert Committee on Drug Dependence of World Health Organization (WHO), Thirty-sixth Meeting Geneva, 16-20 June 2014, is declared that despite a marked elevation of the heart rate is one of the clinical signs very often seen after intoxication with SC, there is no available study data regarding effects of SCs on cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary systems, liver and kidney tissues . The aim of this review is to highlight cardiovascular effects of JW-018 which is considered to be the prototype for synthetic cannabinoids to prepare the ground for new work to be done.Öğe Cardiovascular effects of panax ginseng(Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi Dergisi, 2016) Parlakpınar, Hakan; Özhan, Onural; Ermiş, Necip; Acet, AhmetCardiovascular Diseases (CVD), being present in 400 million people accross the globe in people of all races, ages and genders is amongst the more important types of diseases present in the World Health Organizations’ “2013-2020 Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases”. CVD are the leading cause of death in the World as well as in Turkey. Ginseng, also known as Panax ginseng root, is widely used in Turkey to prevent tiredness, fatique, and loss of concentration, to improve mental and physical capacity during recovery period, as well as to reduce the degenerative effects of stress. It also acts as adaptogen due to its anti-stress effect while regulating blood sugar in diabetic patients and increasing erectile capacity and libido in cases with erectile dysfunction. In addition, use of Ginseng as a dietary supplement is increasing day by day among individuals with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and oxidative damage. In the literature, there is controversial data concerning Panax ginseng’s pharmacological activity on the cardiovascular system. Increasing the synthesis of nitric oxide, it is observed that Ginseng has both hypertensive and hypotensive effects. While it is stated that dietary supplements containing Ginseng affect the autonomic nervous system, but also increases the blood pressure, reduces or making no change, controversial results were obtained. For these conflict data, ginsenoside, first reducing and then increasing the blood pressure, is thought to be responsible. Depending on the acute and chronic use of Ginseng, it has also been observed that various pharmacological activities exist. In this review, we aim to present the cardiovascular effects of Ginseng. Keywords: Alternative Medicine; Cardiovascular System; Panax ginsengÖğe Cardiovascular effects of panax ginseng panax ginseng in kardiyovaskuler etkileri(Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center, 2016) Parlakpınar, Hakan; Özhan, Onural; Ermiş, Necip; Acet, Hacı AhmetCardiovascular Diseases (CVD), being present in 400 million people accross the globe in people of all races, ages and genders is amongst the more important types of diseases present in the World Health Organizations’ “2013-2020 Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases”. CVD are the leading cause of death in the World as well as in Turkey. Ginseng, also known as Panax ginseng root, is widely used in Turkey to prevent tiredness, fatique, and loss of concentration, to improve mental and physical capacity during recovery period, as well as to reduce the degenerative effects of stress. It also acts as adaptogen due to its anti-stress effect while regulating blood sugar in diabetic patients and increasing erectile capacity and libido in cases with erectile dysfunction. In addition, use of Ginseng as a dietary supplement is increasing day by day among individuals with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and oxidative damage. In the literature, there is controversial data concerning Panax ginseng’s pharmacological activity on the cardiovascular system. Increasing the synthesis of nitric oxide, it is observed that Ginseng has both hypertensive and hypotensive effects. While it is stated that dietary supplements containing Ginseng affect the autonomic nervous system, but also increases the blood pressure, reduces or making no change, controversial results were obtained. For these conflict data, ginsenoside, first reducing and then increasing the blood pressure, is thought to be responsible. Depending on the acute and chronic use of Ginseng, it has also been observed that various pharmacological activities exist. In this review, we aim to present the cardiovascular effects of Ginseng.Öğe Effects of mirtazapine on cisplatin cardiotoxicity in rats(2023) Özhan, Onural; Ulutaş, Zeynep; Serduman, Seray; Büyükkorkmaz, Leyla Şahin; Yıldız, Azibe; Ulu, Ahmet; Vardı, NigarAtypical antidepressant mirtazapine (MIR) is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder. It has not been clarified whether cardiovascular uncertainties and mechanisms of action emerge as problems during the use of mirtazapine. Cisplatin (CIS) is an effective anti-cancer medication used to treat a variety of human malignancies. There were four groups of 32 Wistar albino male rats in all. Rats were split into 4 groups at random. 1. Control Group, 2. CIS Group, 3. MIR Group, 4. MIR+CIS Group. On the 15th day of the study, ECG, heart rate, and blood pressure were determined. Histopathological and biochemical analyses were carried out on cardiac and vascular tissue samples. Comparing the CIS group to the other groups, blood pressure was considerably lower in the CIS group (p<0.05). In vascular tissue examination, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels were substantially higher in the control, MIR, and MIR+CIS groups, similar to those of the myocardium, compared to the CIS group (p<0.05). While the CIS group had the highest malondialdehyde level, it was much lower in all other groups in both myocardial and vascular tissue (p<0.05). It was observed that the congestion persisted, but the interstitial edema's intensity was much less severe in the MIR+CIS group than in the CIS group (p=0.009). We sought to clarify the function of the oxidative system, tissue-level histological alterations, the possibility that mirtazapine protects against CIS cardiotoxicity, and the role of MIR in cardio-oncology in this study. In this study, we demonstrated the possible protective effect of MIR in CIS-mediated cardiotoxicity and its antioxidant effect mechanism.Öğe In vitro antioxidant activity total phenolic content and phenolic composition of Inula heterolepis(Planta Medica, 2013) Karacaoğlu, Melek; Gökbulut, Alper; Özhan, Onural; Şarer, EnginInula heterolepis Boiss., a perennial herbaceous plant (15 – 40 cm) widespread throughout the Eastern Mediterranean region, is used topically in folk medicine against loss of appetite, headaches and hemorrhoids. To the best of our knowledge, a few studies were performed on I. heterolepis and in this study, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of the plant were investigated for the first time (1 – 3). Total phenolic content of methanol extracts of aerial parts and roots of the plant was estimated by Folin Ciocalteu method. The aerial parts of the plant was seemed to contain higher amount of total phenolics compared to roots. Antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of flowers, leaves and roots of the plant were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS assays. All the investigated parts of the plant exhibited antioxidant activity in different concentrations. Flower and leaf extracts expressed higher antioxidant activities compared to root extract with lower IC50 values. With regard to the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity results, phenolic composition of the plant was investigated. Some phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, myricetin, quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in different parts of the plant by RP-HPLC. Various amounts of phenolics in different parts of the plant could be the main occasion for the determined antioxidant potential.Öğe An Investigation of the Effects of Duloxetine on the Heart(2020) Eranıl, Işıl; Vardı, Nigar; Yıldız, Azibe; Parlakpınar, Hakan; Özhan, OnuralObjevtive: The present study was designed to examine theeffects of high dose and low dose duloxetine on Cx43, a gap junction (GJ)protein; on S100A, cardiac contractility component and on certain earlycardiac impairment parameters as TnI and TnT. Material and Methods:The study was performed with 24 male Wistar Albino rats by generatingcontrol group (1 ml solvent), low-dose duloxetine (LDD) group (10mg/kg) and high-dose duloxetine (HDD) group (100 mg/kg). After theexperimental procedure, the results concerning blood pressure and heartrates of the anesthetized rats were recorded and HE staining and immunostainingof Cx43, S100A, TnI and TnT were applied to the heart tissuesections. Results: In the control group, Cx43 was stained as marked streaksbetween cardiomyocytes; TnI, TnT and S100A were stained as homogenousand dark brown in cytoplasm. Nevertheless, intensity of Cx43immunostaining showed significant increase in duloxetine- treated groups(p<0.001). TnT (p=0.024, p=0.004, p<0.05) and S100A (p<0.001) immunostainingwere low in high dose group compared to control group andlow dose group. TnI immunostaining also demonstrated significant decreasein high dose duloxetine group as compared to the control group(p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between groupsin terms of heart rate, ECG parameters, MDA, SOD, GSH and CATlevels (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study reveals that duloxetine induced anincrease in the immunostaining of Cx43, and a decrease in the immunostainingof TnI, TnT and S100A, also known as early cardiac parameters.Furthermore, duloxetine was observed to show no effect on oxidant andantioxidant parameters. While heart rate remained unchanged, mean bloodpressure decreased in high dose duloxetine group. In the light of the studyoutcomes, it has been concluded that antidepressants must be administeredmore advertently in depression patients with heart disorders.Öğe Investigation of the effects of ısorhamnetin on motor function, sedation and analgesia in the diabeticrats(KARGER, ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 2018) Kurukafa, Diğdem; Köse, Evren; Parlakpınar, Hakan; Özhan, Onural; Yaşar, ŞeymaÖğe Machine learning-based ovarian cancer prediction with XGboost and stochastic gradient boosting models(2023) Özhan, Onural; Tunç, Zeynep; Çiçek, İpek BalıkçıOvarian cancer is one of the most common types of gynecological malignancies with its high mortality rate, silent and occult tumor growth, late onset of symptoms and diagnosis in advanced stages. Therefore, the need to develop new diagnostic techniques to predict the course of the disease and the prognosis of this malignancy has increased. In this study, ovarian cancer and benign ovarian tumor samples will be classified to create an accurate diagnostic predictive model using the machine learning method XGBoost and Stochastic Gradient Boosting and disease-related risk factors will be determined. This current study considered the open- access ovarian cancer and benign ovarian tumor samples data set. For this purpose, data from 349 patients were included. The data set was divided as 80:20 as a training and test dataset. XGBoost and Stochastic Gradient Boosting were constructed for the classification via five-fold cross-validation. Accuracy, balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value performance metrics were evaluated for model performance. Among the performance criteria in the test stage obtained from the XGBoost model that has the best classification result; accuracy, balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1 score were obtained as 89.5%, 88.7%, 85.7%, 91.7%, 85.7%, 91.7%, and 85.7%, respectively. According to the variable importance obtained as a result of the model, the variables most associated with the diagnosis were CA72-4, HE4, LYM%, ALB, EO%, BUN, RBC, NEU, and MCV, respectively. The applied machine learning model successfully classified ovarian cancer and created a highly accurate diagnostic prediction model. The results from the study revealed effective parameters that can diagnose ovarian cancer with high accuracy. With the parameters determined as a result of the modeling, the clinician will be able to simplify and facilitate the decision-making process for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.Öğe Myocardial necrosis markers in myocardial ischemia reperfusion MI R injury a review(Medicine Science | International Medical Journal, 2017) Parlakpınar, Hakan; Örüm, Mehmet Hamdi; Özhan, OnuralMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. This injury is experienced by patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart diseases and subsequently undergoing reperfusion treatments in order to manage the conditions. Ischemia can be especially detrimental to the heart due to its high energy demand. Several cellular alterations have been observed upon the onset of ischemia. The danger created by cardiac ischemia is somewhat paradoxical in that a return of blood to the tissue, termed reperfusion, can result in further damage. The serum markers of myocardial injury are used to help in establishing the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Use of various biochemical markers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) total enzyme activity, CK-MB activity, Myoglobin, CK-MB mass, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) have been investigated for noninvasive assessment of reperfusion. It is hoped that further studies will help refine the clinical use of new biomarkers like high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) immunoassays in myocardial injury.Öğe Phenolic compounds and antimicrobial activity of inula sarana boiss(Planta Medica, 2013) Özhan, Onural; Gökbulut, Alper; Günal, Selami; Şarer, EnginThe genus Inula (Asteraceae) has more than hundred species distributed mainly in Europe, Africa and Asia. Inula species are used as a folk medicine due to their anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, antitussive and expectorant effects (1). Inula sarana Boiss. is an endemic herb growing wild in southern Turkey (2). Up to now, only one study on this plant has been conducted in Turkey (3). In the coarse of our continuing search on the Inula species, we investigated the total phenolic content, phenolic compounds and the antimicrobial activity of different parts of Inula sarana. Total phenolic content of the plant was estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The higher amount of total phenolics was found in the aerial parts of the plant. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phenolic compounds were performed by RP-HPLC. Our results revealed that while all the investigated parts of the plant contain chlorogenic and ferulic acids; the flowers and leaves also contain gallic acid and luteolin; apigenin was determined only in the flowers. Antimicrobial activity of the flower, leaf and root extracts of the plant were assayed against S. aureus, E. faecalis, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, E. aerogenes, E. coli, C. albicans and C. tropicalis by using agar dilution method. The flower and root extracts were found to be more active against yeasts compared to bacteria. The flower extract exhibited the most effective antibacterial activity against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae, while the leaf extract is very potent against S. aureus and E. coli.Öğe PROPOLİS VE PERGANIN ANTİMİKROBİYAL ETKİLERİNİN İN-VİTRO OLARAK ARAŞTIRILMASI(2021) Doğru, Feyzi; Parlakpınar, Hakan; Duman, Yücel; Özhan, Onural; Keskin, Merve; Polat, AlaadinPropolis, arıların bitkilerin çeşitli kısımlarından topladığı reçine benzeri doğal bir maddedir. Arılar propolisi çeşitli patojenlere karşı koruyucu olarak kullanırlar. Propolis zengin içeriği sayesinde birçok biyolojik etkiye sahiptir. Perga, arıların yavrularını beslemek için kullandığı polen ve baldan oluşan fermente bir üründür. Bu çalışmanın amacı fenolik bileşiklerce zengin olan perganın, antimikrobiyal aktivitesinin propolisle karşılaştırılmasıdır. Propolis ve perganın etanolik ekstraktları hazırlandı ve Folin-Ciocalteu yöntemi ile toplam fenolik bileşik miktar tayini yapıldı. Ekstraktların gram-negatif patojenler olan Escherichia coli ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa, grampozitif bir patojen olan Staphylococcus aureus ve bir mantar türü olan Candida albicans üzerinde minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) değerleri mikrodilüsyon yöntemi ile ölçüldü. Propolis ve perga için MİK test aralığı fenolik bileşik miktarına göre 0,06µg/mL-125µg/mL olarak belirlendi. Propolis, Escherichia coli ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa’ya göre Candida albicans ve Staphylococcus aureus’a karşı düşük konsantrasyonlarda inhibe edici etki göstermiştir. Perganın Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Candida albicans’a karşı yine düşük konsantrasyonda inhibitör etki gösterdiği; ancak, perganın Staphylococcus aureus’a karşı inhibitör etkinlik gösterebilmesi için çok daha yüksek konsantrasyonlara ihtiyaç olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak propolis ve perganın çalışmamızda antimikrobiyal etki gösterdiği izlenmiştir.Öğe PROPOLİS VE PERGANIN ANTİMİKROBİYAL ETKİLERİNİN İN-VİTRO OLARAK ARAŞTIRILMASI(2021) DOĞRU, Feyzi; Parlakpınar, Hakan; DUMAN, Yücel; Özhan, Onural; KESKİN, Merve; POLAT, AlaadinPropolis, arıların bitkilerin çeşitli kısımlarından topladığı reçine benzeri doğal bir maddedir. Arılar propolisi çeşitli patojenlere karşı koruyucu olarak kullanırlar. Propolis zengin içeriği sayesinde birçok biyolojik etkiye sahiptir. Perga, arıların yavrularını beslemek için kullandığı polen ve baldan oluşan fermente bir üründür. Bu çalışmanın amacı fenolik bileşiklerce zengin olan perganın, antimikrobiyal aktivitesinin propolisle karşılaştırılmasıdır. Propolis ve perganın etanolik ekstraktları hazırlandı ve Folin-Ciocalteu yöntemi ile toplam fenolik bileşik miktar tayini yapıldı. Ekstraktların gram-negatif patojenler olan Escherichia coli ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gram-pozitif bir patojen olan Staphylococcus aureus ve bir mantar türü olan Candida albicans üzerinde minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) değerleri mikrodilüsyon yöntemi ile ölçüldü. Propolis ve perga için MİK test aralığı fenolik bileşik miktarına göre 0,06µg/mL-125µg/mL olarak belirlendi. Propolis, Escherichia coli ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa’ya göre Candida albicans ve Staphylococcus aureus’a karşı düşük konsantrasyonlarda inhibe edici etki göstermiştir. Perganın Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Candida albicans’a karşı yine düşük konsantrasyonda inhibitör etki gösterdiği; ancak, perganın Staphylococcus aureus’a karşı inhibitör etkinlik gösterebilmesi için çok daha yüksek konsantrasyonlara ihtiyaç olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak propolis ve perganın çalışmamızda antimikrobiyal etki gösterdiği izlenmiştir.Öğe Radical scavenging activity and vitexin content of Vitex agnus castus leaves and fruits(FABAD Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012) Gökbulut, Alper; Özhan, Onural; Karacaoğlu, Melek; Şarer, EnginThe goal of this study was to determine some of the important phenolic constituents of the methanolic extracts of the leaves and fruits of Vitex agnus-castus by RP-HPLC with regard to the results obtained from radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content assays. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test was used to assess the radical scavenging potential of the extracts. Both leaf and fruit extracts exhibited significant radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 0.449±0.001 mg/mL and 0.612±0.004 mg/mL, respectively. By using Folin-Ciocalteu’s method, the total phenolic content of leaves and fruits of the plant was determined as 123.9±2.281 mg GAE/g extract and 114.5±2.704 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. In continuation of our ongoing studies on the phenolics of Vitex agnus-castus, a simple and accurate HPLC method was used to determine some phenolic compounds such as vitexin, ferulic acid, rutin, and luteolin qualitatively and quantitatively. Contrary to the previous literature, ferulic acid and rutin were determined neither in leaf nor in fruit extracts, while luteolin was determined in trace amount only in fruit extract. Vitexin, one of the important flavonoid constituents of Vitex agnus-castus, was determined in significant amount as 0.252±0.0089% and 0.342±0.0153% in the leaves and fruits, respectively. The results showed that vitexin is partially responsible for the antioxidant potential of the extracts due to its significant amount and the standardization of the extracts should be performed on vitexin by this suitable RP-HPLC method.Öğe Ratlarda miyokardiyal iskemi-reperfüzyon nekrozunda losartan, kaptopril, anjiyotensin ıı tip 2 reseptör agonisti compound 21 ve MAS reseptör agonisti ave 0991'in etkilerinin karşılaştırması(İnönü Üniversitesi, 2019) Özhan, OnuralAmaç: Miyokardiyal iskemi; ateroskleroz, tromboembolizm, perkutanöz transluminal koroner anjiyoplasti, koroner arter by-pass ve transplantasyon gibi patofizyolojik ve terapötik uygulamaların sonucunda ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu çalışma ile Mİ/R nekrozu oluşturulmuş ratlarda AT2 selektif reseptör agonisti Compound 21 (C21), MAS reseptör agonisti AVE 0991, AT1 selektif reseptör blokeri losartan ve anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim inhibitörü kaptoprilin hemodinamik paremetrelere ve nekroz alanına etkilerini karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Materyal ve Metot: Ratların kalbinde nekroz oluşturmak için sol ana koroner arterin inen dalına 30 dk iskeminin ardından 2 saat reperfüzyon uygulandı. C21 (0.03 mg/kg), AVE 0991 (576 μg/kg), losartan (2 mg/kg) ve kaptopril (3 mg/kg) iskemiden 10 dk önce ve iskemi boyunca i.v. infüzyon şeklinde uygulandı. Kalp kesitlerinden nekroz ve risk alanının boyutu hesaplandı. Bulgular: Grupların nekroz alanı/risk alanı oranları; Mİ/R: %48.9±8.8; C21+Mİ/R: %31.1±7.8; AVE 0991+Mİ/R: %29.9±4.8; C21+AVE 0991+Mİ/R: %28.2±3.3; Losartan+AVE 0991+Mİ/R: %30.8±5.8; Kaptopril+AVE 0991+Mİ/R: %31.7±7.7 olarak bulundu. İlaç uygulanan grupların nekroz alanı/risk alanı oranı, Mİ/R grubuna göre anlamlı ölçüde azaldı (p<0.05). Sonuç: Elde ettiğimiz bulgular Ang II reseptör alt tiplerinin ve MAS reseptörlerinin Mİ/R hasarındaki önemini ortaya koymuştur. Kaptopril ile Ang II oluşumunun önlenmesi, losartan ile AT1 reseptörünün blokajı ve C21 ile AT2 reseptörünün ve AVE 0991 ile MAS reseptörünün uyarılması Mİ/R hasarı ile oluşan nekrotik alanı azaltarak faydalı etkiler göstermiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: AVE 0991, Compound 21, Kaptopril, Losartan, Miyokardiyal iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarı.Öğe Sarımsak ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar(İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2016) Özhan, Onural; Parlakpınar, Hakan; Acet, AhmetKardiyovasküler hastalıklar (KVH) başlığı altında koroner kalp hastalığı, serebrovasküler hastalıklar, hipertansiyon, periferal arter hastalığı, romatizmal kalp hastalıkları, konjenital kalp hastalıkları, kalp yetmezliği ve kardiyomiyopatiler yer almaktadır. KVH, bütün ülkelerde en önemli ölüm sebeplerindendir. KVH'nın rasyonel tedavisinde kullanılan farmasötik müstahzarlar ile birlikte ucuz ve kolay erişilebilir bitkisel ürünlere ilgi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Dünyada KVH'lı popülasyonda en sık tüketilen bitkiler arasında sarımsak ikinci sıradadır. Gıda takviyesi olarak kullanılan birçok farklı sarımsak preparatı (sarımsak tozu, bekletilmiş sarımsak ekstresi ve sarımsak yağı) piyasada mevcuttur. "Sağlıklı bireylerde, gıda takviyesi olarak tüketilen sarımsağın, KVH'nın gelişimini önlüyor mu yoksa geciktiriyor mu?" sorusu oldukça önem arz etmektedir. KVH’lı bireyler ile sağlıklı bireylerde sarımsağın etkilerinin değişkenlik gösterdiği ve tartışmalı bulgular elde edildiği epidemiyolojik olarak gösterilmiştir. Sarımsağın KVH'da profilaksi ve tedavi amacıyla klinik kullanımını mümkün kılmak için, iyi tasarlanmış randomize çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu belirtilmiştir. Sarımsağın kardiyovasküler bir endikasyon dahilinde klinikte kullanılmaya başlanması ile birlikte mortalite ve morbidite oranında önemli değişiklikler olabileceği öngörülmektedir. Fakat bunun için geniş kapsamlı ve uzun süreli çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu belirtilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp, Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar, Sarımsak.Öğe Sarımsak ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar(İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2016) Özhan, Onural; Parlakpınar, Hakan; Acet, Hacı AhmetKardiyovasküler hastalıklar (KVH) başlığı altında koroner kalp hastalığı, serebrovasküler hastalıklar, hipertansiyon, periferal arter hastalığı, romatizmal kalp hastalıkları, konjenital kalp hastalıkları, kalp yetmezliği ve kardiyomiyopatiler yer almaktadır. KVH, bütün ülkelerde en önemli ölüm sebeplerindendir. KVH'nın rasyonel tedavisinde kullanılan farmasötik müstahzarlar ile birlikte ucuz ve kolay erişilebilir bitkisel ürünlere ilgi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Dünyada KVH'lı popülasyonda en sık tüketilen bitkiler arasında sarımsak ikinci sıradadır. Gıda takviyesi olarak kullanılan birçok farklı sarımsak preparatı (sarımsak tozu, bekletilmiş sarımsak ekstresi ve sarımsak yağı) piyasada mevcuttur. "Sağlıklı bireylerde, gıda takviyesi olarak tüketilen sarımsağın, KVH'nın gelişimini önlüyor mu yoksa geciktiriyor mu?" sorusu oldukça önem arz etmektedir. KVH’lı bireyler ile sağlıklı bireylerde sarımsağın etkilerinin değişkenlik gösterdiği ve tartışmalı bulgular elde edildiği epidemiyolojik olarak gösterilmiştir. Sarımsağın KVH'da profilaksi ve tedavi amacıyla klinik kullanımını mümkün kılmak için, iyi tasarlanmış randomize çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu belirtilmiştir. Sarımsağın kardiyovasküler bir endikasyon dahilinde klinikte kullanılmaya başlanması ile birlikte mortalite ve morbidite oranında önemli değişiklikler olabileceği öngörülmektedir. Fakat bunun için geniş kapsamlı ve uzun süreli çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu belirtilmiştir.
