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    Identification of biodiversity of some Streptomyces species and determination of a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profile of 16S rDNA gene region
    (Medwell Journals, 2014) Ozdemir K.; Ogun E.; Ertas M.; Acar S.; Atalan E.
    In this study, soil samples from the roots and peripheral regions of some agricultural plant species growing in the Van region (such as sainfoin, bean, malus, wheat and sugar beet) were collected between May and June 2004 and 139 strains of Streptomyces bacteria were isolated from these samples. Moreover, researchers determined the physicochemical characteristics of these soil samples. Streptomyces bacteria were color-grouped and the Diaminopimelic Acid (DAP) forms were detected followed by the determination of then phenotypic characteristics. When these isolates were divided into 39 color groups, 20 strains were found to contain L-DAP and therefore were confirmed as members of the genus Streptomyces. The species were identified using the TAXON Software and similarity dendrograms were constructed by the Unweighted Pair-Group Method with an Arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis using the Multi-Variate Statistical Package (MVSP 3.1). Genomic DNA was isolated from these bacteria and 16S rDNA gene was amplified by PCPv followed by restriction digestion with Bspl43I, Haelll, Mnll and SphI for Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. In the dendrogram obtained at the end of the RFLP analysis, four groups of two or more members and six 1 -member groups were established according to the similarity ratio criterion. © Medwell Journals, 2014.
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    Prevalence of rotavirus genotypes in children younger than 5 years of age before the introduction of a universal rotavirus vaccination program: Report of Rotavirus Surveillance in Turkey
    (Public Library of Science, 2014) Durmaz R.; Kalaycioglu A.T.; Acar S.; Bakkaloglu Z.; Karagoz A.; Korukluoglu G.; Ertek M.
    Background: Group A rotaviruses are the most common causative agent of acute gastroenteritis among children less than 5 years of age throughout the world. This sentinel surveillance study was aimed to obtain baseline data on the rotavirus G and P genotypes across Turkey before the introduction of a universal rotavirus vaccination program. Methods: Rotavirus antigen-positive samples were collected from 2102 children less than 5 years of age who attended hospitals participating in the Turkish Rotavirus Surveillance Network. Rotavirus antigen was detected in the laboratories of participating hospitals by commercial serological tests such as latex agglutination, immunochromatographic test or enzyme immunoassay. Rotavirus G and P genotypes were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using consensus primers detecting the VP7 and VP4 genes, followed by semi-nested type-specific multiplex PCR. Results: RT-PCR found rotavirus RNA in 1644 (78.2%) of the samples tested. The highest rate of rotavirus positivity (38.7%) was observed among children in the 13 to 24 month age group, followed by children in the age group of 25 to 36 months (28.3%). A total of eight different G types, six different P types, and 42 different G-P combinations were obtained. Four common G types (G1, G2, G3, and G9) and two common P types (P[8] and P[4]) accounted for 95.1% and 98.8% of the strains, respectively. G9P[8] was the most common G/P combination found in 40.5% of the strains followed by G1P[8] (21.6%), G2P[8] (9.3%), G2P[4] (6.5%), G3P[8] (3.5%), and finally, G4P[8] (3.4%). These six common genotypes included 83.7% of the strains tested in this study. The rate of uncommon genotypes was 14%. Conclusion: The majority of the strains analyzed belonged to the G1-G4 and G9 genotypes, suggesting high coverage of current rotavirus vaccines. This study also demonstrates a dramatic increase in G9 genotype across the country. © 2014 Durmaz et al.