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Öğe Hydrothermal Synthesis of Polyoxometalate Containing Cobalt Ion, and Its Polyurethane Composites for Dielectric Material Applications(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Kucuk, Ilhan; Vural, Sema; Kivilcim, Nilufer; Adiguzel, Ibrahim; Koytepe, Suleyman; Seckin, TurgayPolyurethane (PU) composites were prepared with different diisocyanate and diol compounds by adding cobalt ion-based polyoxometalate (Co-POM) as reinforcement. For the determination of using potential in microelectronic applications, the dielectric behavior and dielectric constant of these PU composites were investigated and compared to pure polyurethane structures. For this aim, firstly, Co-POM with Keggin structure was obtained from ammonium heptamolybdate, 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and a cobalt (II) salt by hydrothermal synthesis technique. Then, polyurethane/Co-POM composites (PU/Co-POM) were prepared with ethylene glycol, nonaromatic diisocyanate and different amounts of Co-POM reinforcement (1%, 3%, 5% and 10%, w/w) by in situ polymerization and mix-blend technique. Obtained PU/Co-POM composites were characterized in detail by infrared spectroscopy, Elemental Mapping, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The surface structure, morphology and roughness of PU/Co-POM composites were investigated by SEM and AFM analysis. The elemental maps of the PU/Co-POM surface were examined by EDX elemental mapping analysis methods. Thermal stability, Tg values and thermal decomposition temperatures of PU/Co-POM structures were determined by different thermal analysis techniques. Thermal analysis results showed that the PU/Co-POM composites are thermally stable up to approximately 200 degrees C and Tg values of synthesized PU composites are seen between 54.72 degrees C and 75.15 degrees C. The dielectric properties and dielectric constants of the PU/Co-POM composites were determined in the frequency range 1 Hz to 1000 kHz at room temperature using impedance analyzer. Dielectric constants of these composites were ranged from 5.50 to 9.26 according to their polarizability and H-bonding ability of PU matrix structure. According to the dielectric measurements, the dielectric constants of the PU/Co-POM structures were significantly decreased compared to the pure PU structures.Öğe Low Dielectric Constant Polyimide-Zirconium Nanocomposites with Improved Thermal Properties(Taylor & Francis As, 2008) Seckin, Turgay; Koytepe, Suleyman; Kivilcim, Niluefer; Bahce, Erkan; Adiguzel, IbrahimLow-dielectric-constant (kappa) polyimide films with thermal integrity and controllable mechanical strength have been prepared by covalently bonding zirconium complex with lysine to the main chains of polyimide. The presence of chemical bonds between polyimide (PI) and zirconium has great effect on the properties of polyimide films, especially on their thermal and dielectric properties. The dielectric constants of the resultant nanocomposites are lower due to the increased free volume and fewer polar Zr-O-Zr groups, and can be tuned by varying the molar ratio of zirconium(IV) propoxide, Zr(OPr)(4), in the feed. The possibility of obtaining the kinetic parameters of a reaction from a heating rate dependence of DTA peak location, as well as the merits of different peak methods, were also discussed. The composition, particle sizes, and morphological effect of the Zirconium on nanoparticles were determined by the energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX), and scanning electron micrographs (SEM).Öğe Preparation of the copper-based polyoxometalate/polyurethane composites and their dielectric properties(Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Kucuk, Ilhan; Vural, Sema; Kivilcim, Nilufer; Adiguzel, Ibrahim; Koytepe, Suleyman; Seckin, TurgayThe aim of this study is synthesis of polyurethane (PU) composites from 4,4 '-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 1,2-ethanediol and different amounts of copper-based polyoxometalate (Cu-POM) and investigation of their dielectric properties. Firstly, Cu-POM structure as reinforcement was synthesized with ammonium heptamolybdate and Cu metal ion salt by a hydrothermal synthesis method. Then, Cu-POM-PU composites were prepared by in situ polymerization process. The prepared Cu-POM-PU composites were characterized by means of various techniques for their structure, morphology and thermal behaviour. The chemical structure, surface and morphological properties of the obtained composites were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. Thermal properties of these Cu-POM-PU composites were determined by thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis techniques. Dielectric properties of the Cu-POM-PU composites were also determined. The dielectric measured results showed that the dielectric constants decreased with the increase of the Cu-POMs content. The Cu-POM-PU composites showed relatively low dielectric constant compared to pure PUs.Öğe Synthesis, Characterization and Dielectric Properties of Rodlike Zinc Oxide-Polyimide Nanocomposites(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2012) Vural, Sema; Koytepe, Suleyman; Seckin, Turgay; Adiguzel, IbrahimNovel polyimide-rodlike zinc oxide hybrid nanocomposite (PI-RL-ZnO) has been developed from the poly (amic acid) with different weight percentages (1, 3, 5 wt%) of using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as aprotic solvents. The prepared zinc oxide-polyimide nanocomposites were characterized for their structure, morphology, and thermal behavior employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis (DTA/TGA/DSC) techniques. These studies showed the homogenous dispersion of zinc oxide in the polyimide matrix with an increase in the thermal stability of the composites on zinc oxide loadings. More importantly, we intend to explore the possibility of incorporating ZnO particles through dispersion into the polyimide network to achieve the polyimide hybrid with lower dielectric constant (low-k). The lowest dielectric constant achieved of the PI-RL-ZnO material is 2.82 by incorporating 5 wt% ZnO (pure PI, k = 3.22). The reduction in the dielectric constants of the PI-RL-ZnO hybrids can be explained in terms of creating ZnO particles and the free volume increase by the presence of the ZnO particles resulting in a loose PI structure.Öğe Synthesis, characterization, UV and dielectric properties of hexagonal disklike ZnO particles embedded in polyimides(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2011) Vural, Sema; Koytepe, Suleyman; Seckin, Turgay; Adiguzel, IbrahimA series of novel ZnO/polyimide composite films with different ZnO contents was prepared through incorporation hexagonal disklike ZnO particles into poly(amic acid) of the pre polymer of the polyimide. The hexagonal disklike ZnO particles with a diameter of 300-500 nm were synthesized from zinc acetate and NaOH in water with citric acid. The prepared zinc oxide-polyimide composites were characterized for their structure, morphology, and thermal behavior employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron micrograph, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis techniques. Thermal analyses show that the ZnO particles were successfully incorporated into the polymer matrix and these ZnO/polymer composites have a good thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicate the ZnO particles were uniformly dispersed in the polymer and they remained at the original size (300-500 nm) before immobilization. All composite films with ZnO particle contents from 1 to 5 wt% show good transparency in the visible region and luminescent properties. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
