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    Assessment of the biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate, bioaggregate, and biodentine in the subcutaneous tissue of rats
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2015) Simsek, N.; Alan, H.; Ahmetoglu, F.; Taslidere, E.; Bulut, E. T.; Keles, A.
    Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the tissue inflammation caused by three endodontic repair materials. Materials and Methods: The materials included micro mega-mineral trioxide aggregate (MM-MTA), bioaggregate (BA), and biodentine (BD), which were implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats. The tissue samples for histological examination were prepared. The infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages into the tissue was examined to assess the inflammatory response. Results: Lymphocyte infiltration: A significant increase was detected in the MM-MTA and BA groups on the 7th and 14th days as compared with the control (7th day P = 0.0001, 14th day P = 0.0176). There was no difference between the groups on the 45th day (P = 0.1730). Lymphocyte infiltration had decreased over time in all groups. Macrophage infiltration: There was a significant increase by the 7th day in the test groups as compared to the control group (P = 0.007). However, there was no difference between the experimental groups on the 14th (P = 0.2708) and 45th (P = 0.1291) days. Conclusion: While MM-MTA and BA showed a similar biocompatibility, BD was more biocompatible than MM-MTA and BA in the 1st week of the experiment. However, there was no difference between the materials at the end of the 45th day. MM-MTA, BA, and BD can be considered suitable endodontic repair materials.
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    Cytotoxicity of low-shrink composites with new monomer technology on bovine dental pulp-derived cells
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2015) Yalcin, M.; Ahmetoglu, F.; Sisman, R.; Bozkurt, B. S.; Hakki, S. S.
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of four low-shrink composites with new monomer technology on the bovine dental pulp-derived cells (bDPCs). Materials and methods: Ten samples were prepared for each group composites, and the samples were immersed in 7 mL of culture medium for 72 h at 37 degrees C to extract residual monomer or cytotoxic substances. The culture medium containing the material extracts was sterile filtered for use on the cell cultures. Materials were incubated in medium with serum for 72 h. bDPCs were maintained in a medium with serum. A real-time cell analyzer was used to evaluate cell survival. After seeding 200 mL of the cell suspensions into the wells (10,000 cells/well) of the E-plate 96, bDPCs were treated with bioactive components released by the composite materials (1:1 and 1:2 dilutions) and monitored every 15 min for 50 h. Results: According to analysis of variance, there were significant differences between the cell indexes of the control and GC kalore (p < 0.05) and Bisco Reflexions (p < 0.001) groups for the 1:1 dilutions at 25 h. When evaluated at 50 h, 1:1 dilutions of GC Kalore (p < 0.01) and Bisco Reflexions (p < 0.001) reduced cell survival significantly. Conclusions: Although composites resins are being advanced, their cytotoxic effects have been proceeding till this time. However, two of the four materials tested significantly reduced cell viability when compared with control. Clinical relevance: Research should focus on the cytotoxicity of composites in addition to their mechanical properties.