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    Concordance of the frequency, typing, and results of high risk human papilloma virus in cervical cytology materials with biopsy: Retrospective analysis of 5604 patients
    (2019) Akay, Ebru; Tekelioglu, Fatoş; Karaman, Hatice
    Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate retrospectively the results of human papilloma virüs (HPV) screening test started at our center, to identify the rates of high risk HPV (hrHPV) causing /not causing cellular anomalies and HPV16, 18/45 genotypes, to review the concordance of smear results and biopsy, and to compare our results with the similar studies conducted in different parts of the world and our country. Material and Methods: Five thousand six hundred four cases in Hospital, between 2016 and 2017, with transcription-mediated amplification and hybridization protection method,14 hrHPV types including HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68 were investigated with presence of HPV E6/E7 mRNA. HPV(+) cases were reevaluated with the genotyping study for detection of HPV16, 18/45. Results: When the hrHPV results of 5604 patients were evaluated, 421 cases (7.5%) were hrHPV positive and 5183 cases (92.5%) were hrHPV negative. In the genotyping study of hrHPV positive cases, it was found that HPV16 was present in 97 cases (23%), HPV18/45 was present in 40 cases (9.5%) and other hrHPVs were found in 282 cases (67%). HPV16 and HPV 18/45 coexisted in 2 cases (0.5%). Biopsy results of hrHPV positive cases were 56 cases (32.7%), 40 cases (23.4%) and 5 cases (2.9%) for low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), respectively. Conclusion: In our study, prevalence of hrHPV is 1.2% in cases with normal cytology results and 7.5% in general population. In the majority of studies conducted in our country, HPV positivity is very high because HPV is studied in smear and cervical anomaly cases instead of general population. We believe that this study contributes to determine the frequency and genotype distribution in normal/ abnormal cytology of HPV in our country
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    Results of concurrent HER2 (CERB-B2) staining in the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis in advanced stage gastric carcinoma
    (2020) Akay, Ebru; Tekelioglu, Fatos; Karagoz Eren, Saliha; Donder, Yunus; Karaman, Hatice
    Aim: We hypothesized that tumor cells with metastatic capacity and nodal metastasis would exhibit prominent HER2 overexpression in gastric cancer for which intratumoral heterogeneity is highly variable. This study purposed to investigate the mismatch for HER2 immunohistochemical staining between the primary tumor cells and the metastatic cells in patients with advanced-stage gastric cancer.Material and Methods: A hundred and forty-four patients with advanced staged gastric cancer, and lymph node metastasis who underwent surgical resection were enrolled in this retrospective study. Primary tumor and lymph node metastasis underwent concurrent immunohistochemical staining for addressing the HER2 positivity. The concordance of HER2 positivity between the primary tumor samples and the lymph node metastases was investigated.Results: There was a significant difference in HER2 positivity rate among the well, moderate, and poorly differentiated carcinomas, which was primarily driven by the high HER2 overexpression in well-differentiated subgroup. HER2 positivity was highly frequent in stage 3 tumors, whereas HER2 was negative in the majority of the stage 4 tumors. Tumor size was also significantly larger in subjects without HER2 overexpression compared to those with HER overexpression [6 (IQR=4.88) cm vs. 5.25 (IQR=3.5) cm, p = 0.037]. Concordance of primary tumors and the metastatic lymph nodes regarding HER2 positive IHC staining were 93.7%. Conclusion: HER2 might be positive in lymph node metastasis samples even if the primary tumor is negative for HER2. We suggest that HER2 IHC staining of the lymph node metastasis should be considered if the primary tumor is signet ring cell carcinoma, moderately or poorly differentiated, and negative for HER2 in subjects with gastric carcinoma and lymph node metastasis.