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    Evaluation of the Effect of Honey-Containing Chitosan/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels on Wound Healing
    (Mdpi, 2023) Salva, Emine; Akdag, Ahmet Enes; Alan, Saadet; Arisoy, Sema; Akbuga, Fatma Julide
    The 3D polymeric network structure of hydrogels imitates the extracellular matrix, thereby facilitating cell growth and differentiation. In the current study, chitosan/hyaluronic acid/honey coacervate hydrogels were produced without any chemicals or crosslinking agents and investigated for their wound-healing abilities. Chitosan/hyaluronic acid/honey hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and rheology analysis. Moreover, their water content, water uptake capacities, and porosity were investigated. In FT-IR spectra, it was discovered that the characteristic band placement of chitosan with hyaluronic acid changed upon interacting with honey. The porosity of the honey-containing hydrogels (12%) decreased compared to those without honey (17%). Additionally, the water-uptake capacity of honey-containing hydrogels slightly decreased. Also, it was observed that hydrogels' viscosity increased with the increased hyaluronic acid amount and decreased with the amount of honey. The adhesion and proliferation of fibroblast cells on the surface of hydrogel formulations were highest in honey-containing hydrogels (144%). In in vivo studies, wound healing was accelerated by honey addition. It has been demonstrated for the first time that honey-loaded chitosan-hyaluronic acid hydrogels, prepared without the use of toxic covalent crosslinkers, have potential for use in wound healing applications.
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    Nanoneedle-Based Transdermal Gene Delivery: A Minimally Invasive Strategy for Gene Therapy
    (Mdpi, 2025) Akbuga, Fatma Julide; Arpa, Muhammet Davut; Salva, Emine
    Transdermal drug delivery systems have recently been explored as an alternative to oral systems, which have many challenges. Due to the limitations of first-generation transdermal systems, second- and third-generation systems have been developed, among which microneedles have been the most remarkable products. Building on the advancements of nanotechnology, nanoneedles have recently been developed. Gene therapy molecules-such as DNA, RNA, siRNA, miRNA, and other nucleic acids-are typically delivered using viral or chemical carriers, but these methods face several challenges. In this context, nanoneedles offer a promising and efficient solution for delivering these large molecules. Nanoneedles are a biocompatible and reliable physical method for gene delivery, enabling transdermal administration by penetrating the skin barrier and delivering nucleic acids directly into cells. Their ability to penetrate cellular barriers with minimal invasiveness makes them advantageous for delivering genetic materials. This review will focus on the potential applications of nanoneedles in pharmaceutical contexts, especially in gene therapy. In addition, information on the properties, structure, and fabrication of nanoneedles is also provided.