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Öğe Characterization of Polymeric Wastes in the Hygienic Product Factory and Energy Recovery from These Wastes(2023) Keleş, Hatice; Önal, Yunus; Akbulut, YelizIn this study, the characterization of polymeric wastes released during production in Eruslu Global group companies and the re-evaluability of these wastes were studied. For this purpose, all polymeric wastes that occur in the production of sanitary napkins, diapers, packaging film and printed packaging film, which are the basic production products of the enterprise; It was determined that it consists of polypropylene, polyethylene (LDPE, MDPE, HDPE), polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate polymers. Considering that all wastes are not polluted, it has been evaluated that they can be reused to a large extent. In the study conducted for this purpose, it was determined that 20 different waste products emerged depending on the product variety produced in the enterprise. Thermal analysis for each waste was characterized by calorific value, FTIR, XRD, SEM and TG-DSC (TGA-DTA) techniques. It was determined that paint was added to polymeric wastes in general. In addition, it has been determined that natural micronized calcite is added to some waste in terms of environmental impact and cost reduction. This article evaluates the crystallinity, structure and surface morphology of polymeric wastes produced during production in Eruslu Global group companies. For this purpose, all polymeric waste products formed in the production of sanitary napkin, diapers, packaging film and printed packaging film, which are the primary production products of the enterprise, were characterized. 20 different waste products produced in the enterprise were selected for evaluation. Waste is rich in polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene (LDPE, MDPE, HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate polymers. Each waste was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, thermal analysis and calorific value techniques. As a result of the study, dye additive was detected in the structure of these wastes. When the XRD results were evaluated, it was determined that micronized calcite was added to the polymers to prevent environmental pollution caused by the paint additive. In this way, environmental pollution and production costs are reduced. Calorific values of all samples are in the range of 4292 - 10965 cal/g.Öğe Interpretation of combustion properties of raw-pyrolyzed lignite with kinetic data(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Korkmaz, Aydan Aksogan; Akbulut, YelizThis study investigated the pyrolysis properties and kinetic behavior of Ermenek (Konya, Turkey) lignite. For this purpose, lignite was carbonized at 500 degrees C and different heating rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 degrees C/min). Proximate, elemental, XRF, and TGA-DTA lignite and chars were performed. Thermal analyses were performed at a heating rate of 10 degrees C/min from room temperature to 1000 degrees C and an inert (N-2) gas flow of 50 ml/min. Peak temperatures and mass losses were determined from the data obtained from the experiments. By examining the thermogram curves, three different temperature regions depended on moisture loss, the release of volatile matter, and fixed carbon combustion. In addition, from these data, kinetic calculations were performed using Arrhenius and Coats-Redfern approaches, and the apparent activation energies were calculated for each region. The activation energy values calculated according to the Coats-Redfern kinetic model are significantly lower than those calculated according to the Arrhenius kinetic model. The highest activation energies calculated were: for Region 1 and Region 2 at 5 degrees C/min heating rate and for Region 3 at 10 degrees C/min heating rate.Öğe INVESTIGATION OF DRYING KINETICS OF APRICOTS IN DIFFERENTENVIRONMENTS(2021) Aslan, Mehmet Alper; Önal, Yunus; Akbulut, Yeliz; Akmil Başar, CananIn this study, Çöloğlu, Hacıhaliloğlu, Kabaaşı and Karacabey apricot species grown in Malatya province of Turkey were used. The effects of various drying environment on the drying kinetics of crude and pre-treated apricots have been investigated. The experiments were conducted in the sunlight and in the shade environment with SO2 treated and untreated apricot. While the drying speed curves of the dried apricots increased rapidly at the beginning, the drying speed curve started to decrease afterwards. The data was fitted to five different mathematical models. Midilli et al. model was determined as the best one to explain drying of apricots by comparing the coefficient of correlation determination (R2), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) between the observed and expected moisture ratios.Öğe A molecularly imprinted whatman paper for clinical detection of propranolol(Elsevier Science Sa, 2020) Akbulut, Yeliz; Zengin, AdemDetermination of drug concentration in body fluids is important issue for clinical studies to arrange treatment of patients. In the present study, we concentrated on the preparation of propranolol-imprinted poly (N-acryloyl-L-phenylalanine) film on a paper surface for spectrophotometric detection of propranolol in human plasma samples. The surface characterization of the imprinted surface was carried out by attenuated total reflectancefourier transform spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and water contact angle measurements. Rebinding isotherms and kinetics were also investigated and maximum adsorption capacity of the imprinted paper surface was found to be 64.3 mg/g with high imprinting factor (4.20). Moreover, the results for selectivity and regeneration ability of the imprinted paper indicated that propranolol selectively interacted with the imprinted paper and had satisfactory reuse without changing its adsorption capacity. Under optimized conditions, the imprinted paper surface had a limit of detection of 0.3 mu g/mL with lower intraday and interday precisions for determination of propranolol. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine propranolol in plasma samples where it showed recoveries ranging from 97.0%-99.5%. The method was also compared with traditional ELISA method and the results showed that the proposed method is sensitive and selective. It is believed that the prepared paper-based molecularly imprinted polymers can be good alternatives to traditional drug assays in clinical practice.Öğe Obtaining the best temperature parameters for co-carbonization of lignite (yatagan)-biomass (peach seed shell) by structural characterization(Cell Press, 2022) Gunduz, Figen; Akbulut, Yeliz; Koyunoglu, Cemil; Onal, Yunus; Karaca, HuseyinIn this study, Yatagan lignite (YL) and peach kernel shells (PKS) were originally taken separately and in a 1: 1 ratio by weight. Experiments were carried out in a 3-zone heated cylindrical furnace in a steel reactor. Structural characterization of all the solid products obtained was made by FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis. When the FTIR and XRD spectra of the raw samples are examined, it is seen that they are rich in functional groups. It is seen that the PKS has aliphatic and aromatic structures and cellulosic structure -OH stresses (3500 cm(-1)). The sharp peak around 2918 cm(-1) in Yatagan lignite belongs to the aliphatic C-H stretch. In the XRD spectrum, it is seen that both structures are largely amorphous. The raw PKS contains 3 different amorphous macromolecular structures. Yatagan lignite, on the other hand, contains crystalline peaks of clay and inorganic structures, depending on the ash content, as well as the amorphous structure. As the temperature increases depending on the carbonization temperature, as seen in the FTIR spectrum, the peaks of the functional groups decrease and disappear with the disruption of small macromolecular structures. As a result of the structural adjustment with the temperature increase, M-O-M peaks around 1000 cm(-1) remain due to the aromatic C-H stretching and ash content. The paper centers around test assurance of operating temperatures in the consuming layer during co-carbonization. It is obtained that 800 degrees C is the best temperature condition for the co-carbonization process. It has been concluded that the chars obtained as a result of pyrolysis will be used as a solid fuel in both environmental (the lowest sulfur content) and economic (400 degrees C) sense. However, the fact that it has a very low sulfur content with the increase in the liquid and gas efficiency obtained at high temperatures again proves the production of an environmentally friendly liquid fuel.
