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    The efficacy of laser, ultrasound and self-adjustable file in removing smear layer debris from oval root canals following retreatment: A scanning electron microscopy study
    (Wiley, 2016) Keles, Ali; Kamalak, Aliye; Keskin, Cangul; Akcay, Merve; Uzun, Ismail
    This study aims to compare the efficacy of different irrigation activation methods to remove smear layer and debris from oval-shaped root canals following retreatment. Ninety mandibular canines with oval-shaped root canals were selected. Retreatment was performed with R-Endo retreatment files. The samples were randomly divided into six groups (n=15). Groups were assigned according to agitation technique: R-Endo with classic irrigation, with self-adjustable file, with passive ultrasonic irrigation, R-Endo+Er:YAG, R-Endo+PIPS and R-Endo+Nd:YAG. Compared with the classic irrigation (R-Endo+CI) group, all other groups were more successful in reducing smear layer and debris (P<0.05). The least amount of residual smear layer and debris was detected in the Er:YAG laser group (P<0.05). Additional use of different agitation methods contributes to removal of debris and smear layer following root canal filling removal with rotary instruments; however, none of the techniques tested render root canal walls completely free of smear layer or debris.
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    The efficacy of laser, ultrasound and self-adjustable file in removing smear layer debris from oval root canals following retreatment: A scanning electron microscopy study
    (Wıley, 111 rıver st, hoboken 07030-5774, nj usa, 2016) Keles, Ali; Kamalak, Aliye; Keskin, Cangul; Akcay, Merve; Uzun, Ismail
    This study aims to compare the efficacy of different irrigation activation methods to remove smear layer and debris from oval-shaped root canals following retreatment. Ninety mandibular canines with oval-shaped root canals were selected. Retreatment was performed with R-Endo retreatment files. The samples were randomly divided into six groups (n=15). Groups were assigned according to agitation technique: R-Endo with classic irrigation, with self-adjustable file, with passive ultrasonic irrigation, R-Endo+Er:YAG, R-Endo+PIPS and R-Endo+Nd:YAG. Compared with the classic irrigation (R-Endo+CI) group, all other groups were more successful in reducing smear layer and debris (P<0.05). The least amount of residual smear layer and debris was detected in the Er:YAG laser group (P<0.05). Additional use of different agitation methods contributes to removal of debris and smear layer following root canal filling removal with rotary instruments; however, none of the techniques tested render root canal walls completely free of smear layer or debris.
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    Removal of Filling Materials from Oval-shaped Canals Using Laser Irradiation: A Micro-computed Tomographic Study
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2015) Keles, Ali; Arslan, Hakan; Kamalak, Aliye; Akcay, Merve; Sousa-Neto, Manoel D.; Versiani, Marco Aurelio
    Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of lasers in removing filling remnants from oval-shaped canals after retreatment procedures with rotary instruments using micro computed tomographic imaging. Methods: The root canals of 42 mandibular canines were prepared and obturated using the warm vertical compaction technique. Retreatment was performed with rotary instruments, and the specimens were distributed in 3 groups (n = 14) according to the laser device used in a later stage of retreatment procedure: Er:YAG, Er:YAG laser based photon-induced photoacoustic streaming, and Nd:YAG. The specimens were scanned in a micro computed tomographic device after root canal filling and each stage of retreatment at a resolution of 13.68 mu m. The percentage differences of the remaining filling material before and after laser application within and between groups were statistically compared using the paired sample t test and 1-way analysis of variance test, respectively. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: Overall, filling residues were located mainly in the apical third and into canal irregularities after the retreatrnent procedures. After using rotary instruments, the mean percentage volume of the filling remnants ranged from 13%-16%, with no statistical significant difference between groups (P > .05). Within groups, additional laser application had a significant reduction in the amount of the remaining filling materials (P < .05). A comparison between groups showed that Er:YAG laser application after the use of rotary instruments had a significantly higher removal of filling remnants (similar to 13%) than Er:YAG laser based photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (similar to 4%) and Nd:YAG (similar to 3%) (P < .05). Conclusions: None of the retreatment procedures completely removed the filling materials. The additional use of lasers improved the removal of filling material after the retreatment procedure with rotary instruments.