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    A closed-loop energy price controlling method for real-time energy balancing in a smart grid energy market
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2013) Alagoz, B. Baykant; Kaygusuz, Asim; Akcin, Murat; Alagoz, Serkan
    Future smart grids will require a flexible, observable, and controllable network for reliable and efficient energy delivery under uncertain generation and demand conditions. One of the mechanisms for efficient and reliable energy generation is dynamic demand-responsive generation management based on energy price adjustments that creates a balance in energy markets. This study presents a closed-loop PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller-based price control method for autonomous and real-time balancing of energy demand and generation in smart grid electricity markets. The PID control system can regulate energy prices online to respond dynamically and instantaneously to the varying energy demands of grid consumers. Independent energy suppliers in the smart grid decide whether to sell their energy to the grid according to the energy prices declared by the closed-loop PID controller system. Energy market simulations demonstrate that PID-controlled energy price regulation can effectively maintain an energy balance for hourly demand fluctuations of consumers. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Frequency Deviation Indicators for Estimation of Energy Balance State in Smart AC Grids
    (Ieee, 2016) Alagoz, Baris Baykant; Keles, Cemal; Kaygusuz, Asim; Akcin, Murat
    Due to increasing intermittent renewable energy utilization in smart grids, smart management of energy balance is becoming major concern of research studies. In the case of highly volatile generation and demand conditions, it is very important to estimate instant energy balance state of electricity grid to preserve energy balance automatically and avoid from the cases of generation deficiency and overloading. The utility frequency deviation is commonly used to restore power imbalance in AC grids. This study gives a discussion on the utilization of frequency deviation of AC power system as an indicator of energy balance state in smart grids. We consider two approaches to estimate instant AC frequency deviation of power systems under serious harmonic and noise conditions. The first one is based on frequency to amplitude conversion technique, which use band-pass ramp filtering of AC signal. The other method is based on the sinusoidal to pulse waveform conversion, and it uses measurement of pulse periods of the resulting square waveforms. We compare these two methods and discuss their advantages and disadvantages to generate a balance error signal for smart grid applications. A brief discussion on application of these signals for smart grid energy management is given.
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    Opportunities for Energy Efficiency in Smart Cities
    (Ieee, 2016) Akcin, Murat; Kaygusuz, Asim; Karabiber, Abdulkerim; Alagoz, Serkan; Alagoz, Baris Baykant; Keles, Cemal
    Rapid migration from rural to urban areas leads to the emergence of urbanization and sustainability problems. Management and monitoring of resources and infrastructures are getting more important today in crowded cities. Energy consumption is increasing with the growing population and intensified in highly populated parts of cities. This increased energy consumption results in high energy demand as well as the production of more pollutants and heat in these city parts. The management of pollution and heat problems leads to an additional energy demand. Therefore, energy efficiency is becoming central challenge for urban life similar to energy efficient structuring of living organisms. Practically, all activities arranging city life require energy. For instance, job activities, transportation, security, climate, catering, entertainment, commerce etc. In this study, we review active and passive approaches, which can be utilized for improvement of energy efficiency and thus sustainability of urbanization in today's cities. We give a discussion to present a vision for future smart cities in term of improvement of energy utilization and efficiency, and relieve of environmental issues. These approaches can be helpful for future cities for relieving issues originating from population increase.
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    Power Converters Modeling in Matlab/Simulink for Microgrid Simulations
    (Ieee, 2016) Karabiber, Abdulkerim; Keles, Cemal; Kaygusuz, Asim; Alagoz, Bans Baykant; Akcin, Murat
    Smart grid is a developing field for energy researchers. It offers technological improvements to have more controllable, reliable and sustainable power grids. Especially, the decreasing trend of fuels has pressurized to pay researchers' attention to renewable energy sources such as solar systems and wind turbines. The renewable energy sources generate electric power in different characteristics. Therefore, power converters are needed to integrate these sources in a grid to provide power flows among the sources and loads. This study presents Matlab/Simulink models of power converters and dynamic load structure, which are useful for smart grid simulations. These simulations can be used for research and educational purposes. Characteristic parameters of the models are suitable for existing devices. For power converters, Pulse-width Modulation technique is utilized that it is widely used in industry. The designed power converters and dynamic load models are tested in a microgrid application. The simulation results show that the designed power components are useful for smart grid simulation studies.
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    A smart building power management concept: Smart socket applications with DC distribution
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2015) Keles, Cemal; Karabiber, Abdulkerim; Akcin, Murat; Kaygusuz, Asim; Alagoz, Bads Baykant; Gul, Ozan
    Recent developments in power electronics increase DC bus utilization in electrical distribution systems due to its numerous advantages compared to AC distribution system in term of energy efficiency, safety, electromagnetic compatibility and renewable energy integration. This study presents a power management system concept based on domestic DC distribution with smart sockets for future smart houses. Energy efficient smart buildings are possible by integrating smart meter, smart sockets, domestic renewable energy generation and energy storage systems for integrated energy management, and this integrated system supports demand side load management, distributed generation and distributed storage provisions of future smart grids. Coming era of smart grids has implications for domestic DC distribution concepts with smarts sockets. Paper describes use of smart DC sockets as an integral part of building power management automation and presents a load shedding algorithm for plug load control for buildings. Simulations show performance of the proposed system components. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.