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Öğe 2-Hydroxyethyl substituted NHC precursors: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and carbonic anhydrase, ?-glycosidase, butyrylcholinesterase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties(Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Erdemir, Fatos; Celepci, Duygu Barut; Aktas, Aydin; Taslimi, Parham; Gok, Yetkin; Karabiyik, Hasan; Gulcin, IlhamiThis study contains novel a serie synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors that 2-hydroxyethyl substituted. The NHC precursors have been prepared from 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzimidazole and alkyl halides. The novel NHC precursors have been characterized by using H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis techniques. Molecular and crystal structures of 2a, 2d, 2e, 2f and 2g were obtained with single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. These novel NHC precursor's derivatives effectively inhibited the a-glycosidase, cytosolic carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms (hCA I and II), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Inhibition constant (K-i) were found in the range of 0.30-9.22 nM for alpha-glycosidase, 13.90-41.46 nM for hCA I, 12.82-49.95 nM for hCA II, 145.82-882.01 nM for BChE, and 280.92-1370.01 nM for AChE, respectively. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe 2-Hydroxyethyl-Substituted (NHC)Pd(II)PPh3 Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure and Its Application on Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2018) Aktas, Aydin; Celepci, Duygu Barut; Gok, Yetkin; Aygun, MuhittinThis study contains the synthesis of the novel series of the 2- hydroxyethyl substituted Pd-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) / triphenylphosphine (PPh3) complexes. The (NHC)Pd(II)PPh3 complexes have been prepared from the PPh3 ligand, replaced by 3-chloro pyridine ligand in (NHC)Pd(II)(3-Cl-pyridine) complexes. The novel 2-hydroxyethyl substituted (NHC)Pd(II)PPh3 complexes have been characterized by using (HNMR)-H-1, C-13 {H-1}NMR, P-31 {H-1}NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis techniques. Molecular and crystal structure of 1f was obtained by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The novel 2-hydroxyethyl substituted (NHC)Pd(II)PPh3 complexes have been examined as catalysts in the Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions aqueous medium and demonstrated excellent activity in this reaction.Öğe 2-hydroxyethyl-substituted (NHC)PdI2(pyridine) (Pd-PEPPSI) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and the Catalytic Activity in the Sonogashira Cross-coupling Reaction(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2019) Erdemir, Fatos; Celepci, Duygu Barut; Aktas, Aydin; Gok, YetkinHere, new series of the 2-hydroxyethyl-substituted (NHC)PdI2(pyridine) (Pd-PEPPSI) complexes have been synthesized. These complexes have been prepared from the 2-hydroxyethyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors, palladium chloride and pyridine. The synthesized Pd-PEPPSI complexes have been characterized by using H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis techniques. The catalytic activity of the 2-hydroxyethyl-substituted Pd-PEPPSI complexes has been examined in the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction by using phenylacetylene and aryl bromide. The Pd-PEPPSI complexes have demonstrated great activity in the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. The molecular and crystal structures of the three of the Pd-PEPPSI complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. X-ray studies show that all the molecular structures adopt slightly distorted square-planar geometry around the palladium (II) center.Öğe 2-Hydroxyethyl-Substituted Pd-PEPPSI Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and the Catalytic Activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction for Aryl Chlorides in Aqueous Media(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2018) Aktas, Aydin; Celepci, Duygu Barut; Gok, Yetkin; Aygun, MuhittinIn recent years, PEPPSI (Pyridine-Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation) complexes have attracted attention in organometallic chemistry. This study contains the synthesis of the 2-hydroxyethyl-substituted Pd-PEPPSI complexes and their catalytic activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction aryl chlorides in aqueous media. The Pd-PEPPSI complexes have been prepared from the 2- hydroxyethyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors, palladium chloride and 3-chloropyridine. The Pd-PEPPSI complexes have been characterized by using (HNMR)-H-1, (CNMR)-C-13, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis techniques. The Pd-PEPPSI complexes have been examined as catalysts in the Suzuki-Miyaura reactions in aqueous media with arylboronic acid derivatives. Also, they have demonstrated excellent activity in these reactions. Molecular and crystal structure of one of the 2-hydroxyethyl substituted Pd-PEPPSI complex was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. X-ray studies show that the molecular structure adopts a slightly distorted square-planar geometry with the palladium (II) center.Öğe 2-methyl-1,4-benzodioxan-substituted bis(NHC)PdX2 complexes: Synthesis, characterization and the catalytic activity in the direct arylation reaction of some 2-alkyl-heterocyclic compounds(Springer, 2019) Gok, Yetkin; Aktas, Aydin; Sari, Yakup; Erdogan, HulyaAlmost in all fields of chemistry, the C-C cross-coupling reactions such as the direct arylation reaction have attracted much attention and have advanced quickly in recent years due to the importance of environment-friendly properties. This study contains the synthesis of the 2-methyl-1,4-benzodioxan-substituted bis(NHC)PdX2 complexes and their catalytic activity in direct arylation reaction. The bis(NHC)PdX2 complexes have been prepared from the 2-methyl-1,4-benzodioxan-substituted Ag(I)NHC complexes via transmetallation method. The bis(NHC)PdX2 complexes have been characterized using H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis techniques. The bis(NHC)PdX2 complexes have been examined as catalysts in the direct arylation reactions with 2-n-butylfuran, 2-n-butylthiophene and 2-isopropylthiazole, and have demonstrated excellent activity in these reactions.Öğe 2-Morpholinoethyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors and their silver(I)NHC complexes: synthesis, crystal structure and in vitro anticancer properties(Springer, 2018) Aktas, Aydin; Kelestemur, Unzile; Gok, Yetkin; Balcioglu, Sevgi; Ates, Burhan; Aygun, MuhittinIn this study, a series of unsymmetrically 2-morpholinoethyl-substituted benzimidazolium salts and their Ag(I)NHC complexes were synthesized. The 1,3-dialkylbenzimidazolium salts (1a-d) were synthesized in dimethylformamide at 80 A degrees C temperature from the N-(2-morpholinoethyl)benzimidazole and alkyl halides. The Ag(I)NHC complexes (2a-d) were synthesized in dichloromethane at room temperature from the benzimidazolium salts and Ag2O. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (NMR and FT-IR) and elemental analyses. Also, the salt 1c and complex 2c were characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Anticancer activities of 2-morpholinoethyl-substituted benzimidazolium salts and Ag(I)NHC complexes were investigated against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, and the IC30 and IC50 values of these compounds were found to be in the range of 241-490 and 6-14 A mu M, respectively.Öğe 4-Vinylbenzyl and 2-morpholinoethyl substituted ruthenium (II) complexes: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation(Elsevier, 2020) Sari, Yakup; Gurses, Canbolat; Celepci, Duygu Barut; Kelestemur, Unzile; Aktas, Aydin; Yuksel, Sengul; Ates, BurhanRecently, the medical applications of organoruthenium complexes have attention attracted to organometallic chemists and biochemists. In this study, 4-vinylbenzyl and 2-morpholinoethyl substituted (NHC) Ru(II)(eta(6)-p-cymene) complexes were synthesized and in vitro DNA binding, cell cytotoxicity (anticancer activity) and genotoxicity properties were determined in order to understand the biological activities. These complexes have been prepared from the 4-vinylbenzyl and 2-morpholinoethyl substituted Ag(I) NHC complexes via transmetallation method. The characterization of the new (NHC)Ru(II)(eta(6)-p-cymene) complexes was performed by using H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis techniques. Also, molecular structure of complex 1b was obtained with single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. IC50 value of 1b against MCF-7 cell line was determined as 3.61 mu M and for 1b, an oxidation effect was observed in the concentrations higher than 50 mu g/mL. Comet assay unlike sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis data showed correlated results with cytotoxicity as well as DNA binding properties of the complexes. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe 4-Vinylbenzyl-substituted silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes and ruthenium(II) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis and transfer hydrogenation of ketones(Springer, 2014) Aktas, Aydin; Gok, Yetkin4-Vinylbenzyl-substituted Ag(I) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes and Ru(II) NHC complexes have been synthesized. The Ag(I) complexes were synthesized from the imidazolium salts and Ag2O in dichloromethane at room temperature. The Ru(II) complexes were prepared from Ag(I) NHC complexes by transmetallation. The six 4-Vinylbenzyl-substituted Ag(I) NHC complexes and six 4-Vinylbenzyl-substituted Ru(II) NHC complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses. The Ru(II) NHC complexes show catalytic activity for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones.Öğe Acetylphenyl-substituted imidazolium salts: synthesis, characterization, in silico studies and inhibitory properties against some metabolic enzymes(Springer, 2023) Demirci, Ozlem; Tezcan, Burcu; Demir, Yeliz; Taskin-Tok, Tugba; Gok, Yetkin; Aktas, Aydin; Guzel, BilgehanHerein, we present how to synthesize thirteen new 1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-alkylimidazolium salts by reacting 4-(1-H-imidazol-1-yl)acetophenone with a variety of benzyl halides that contain either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups. The structures of the new imidazolium salts were conformed using different spectroscopic methods (H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, F-19 NMR, and FTIR) and elemental analysis techniques. Furthermore, these compounds' the carbonic anhydrase (hCAs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme inhibition activities were investigated. They showed a highly potent inhibition effect toward AChE and hCAs with K-i values in the range of 8.30 & PLUSMN; 1.71 to 120.77 & PLUSMN; 8.61 nM for AChE, 16.97 & PLUSMN; 2.04 to 84.45 & PLUSMN; 13.78 nM for hCA I, and 14.09 & PLUSMN; 2.99 to 69.33 & PLUSMN; 17.35 nM for hCA II, respectively. Most of the synthesized imidazolium salts appeared to be more potent than the standard inhibitor of tacrine (TAC) against AChE and Acetazolamide (AZA) against CA. In the meantime, to prospect for potential synthesized imidazolium salt inhibitor(s) against AChE and hCAs, molecular docking and an ADMET-based approach were exerted.Öğe Acute Liver Failure following Sleeve Gastrectomy with Jejuno-Ileal Bypass(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Aktas, Aydin; Gokler, Cihan; Sansal, Mufit; Karadag, Nese; Kayaalp, CuneytIntroduction: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is one of the most commonly performed bariatric surgery in recent years, and some modifications have emerged to improve its efficacy. Melissas has described SG plus jejuno-ileal bypass (JIB), which has reported good results in a few studies. We performed this procedure in 21 cases and in one case, we observed acute liver failure (ALF) that has not been reported before. Case presentation: A 38-year-old female (BMI: 56.1 kg/m(2)) underwent laparoscopic SG plus JIB. There was no sign of diarrhea, malnutrition or liver failure for eight months and her BMI was 43.0 kg/m(2). At the 9th month, she was hospitalized for abdominal pain, jaundice and ALF. The patient was treated by plasmapheresis and molecular absorptive recirculation system. She was planned to undergo liver transplantation but died of multiorgan failure on the 40th day of hospitalization. Conclusion: ALF can be observed following SG plus JIB. JIB reversal before compromising liver functions should be taken into consideration. (C) 2021 Asia Oceania Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Benzimidazole-functionalized PEPPSI type Pd(II)NHC complexes bearing nitrophenylethyl and hidroxyphenylethyl group: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and it's catalytic activity on direct arylation reaction(Elsevier, 2021) Caglilar, Tuba; Behcet, Ayten; Celepci, Duygu Barut; Aktas, Aydin; Gok, Yetkin; Aygun, MuhittinThis study contains synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, and catalytic activity of the new two series PEPPSI (Pyridine Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation, Stabilization and Initiation) type Pd(II)NHC complexes nitrophenylethyl and hidroxyphenylethyl groups. All complexes were prepared from the nitrophenylethyl and hidroxyphenylethyl substitute benzimidazolium salts, palladium chloride (PdCl2) and 3-chloropyridine. The structures of all PEPPSI type Pd(II)NHC complexes have been fully characterized by using NMR (H-1 and C-13), FTIR spectroscopic method, and elemental analysis techniques. Also, the single-crystals of four of these complexes were examined by utilizing by the X-ray diffraction method. Also, the catalytic activity of the nitrophenylethyl and hidroxyphenylethyl substituted benzimidazole-functionalized PEPPSI type Pd(II)NHC complexes on the direct arylation reaction were examined. It has been observed that among these complexes, those bearing electron-donor groups (hydroxyphenylethyl) are more active catalysts than those bearing electron-withdrawing groups (nitrophenylethyl) for direct arylation reactions. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Benzimidazolium Salts Bearing 2-methyl-1,4benzodioxane Group: Synthesis, Characterization, Computational Studies, In vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity(Biointerface Research Applied Chemistry, 2021) Albayrak, Sevil; Gok, Yetkin; Sari, Yakup; Tok, Tugba Taskin; Aktas, AydinThis study contains the synthesis of the 1-(2-methyl-1,4-benzodioxane)benzimidazole and 2-methyl-1,4-benzodioxane substituted benzimidazolium salts. The benzimidazolium salts were synthesized from the reaction of the 1-(2-methyl-1,4-benzodioxane)benzimidazole and various aryl chlorides. All compounds were characterized using H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis techniques. The antioxidant properties of benzimidazolium salts were examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging ability assays. The compounds showed a moderate inhibitory effect on DPPH radical (The percent inhibition = 29.53-39.75). Also, the compounds exhibited significant H2O2 radical scavenging activity. Antimicrobial activities of the compounds were examined against nine bacterial strains and Candida albicans. All compounds displayed marked antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms, particularly against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, and C. albicans. From the computational perspective, benzimidazolium salts were also optimized at B3LYP / DMol3// DFT level using the Discovery Studio 2020 program. HOMO-LUMO analysis and molecular electrostatic potential surface (MESP) were exerted to examine the effects of benzimidazolium salts' electronic and structural properties.Öğe Benzimidazolium Salts Bearing Nitrile Moieties: Synthesis, Enzyme Inhibition Profiling, and Molecular Docking Analysis for Carbonic Anhydrase and Acetylcholinesterase(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2023) Oner, Erkan; Gok, Yetkin; Demir, Yeliz; Taskin-Tok, Tugba; Aktas, Aydin; Gulcin, Ilhami; Yalin, SerapThis report presents the synthesis and characterization of a range of benzimidazolium salts featuring 3-cyanopropyl groups on the 1st nitrogen atom and varied alkyl groups on the 3rd nitrogen atom within the benzimidazole structure. Benzimidazolium salts were synthesized by N-alkylation of 1-alkyl benzimidazole with 3-cyanopropyl-bromide. The new salts were characterized by 1H and 13C-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopic and elemental analysis techniques. In this study, the enzyme inhibition abilities of seven nitrile substituted benzimidazolium salts were investigated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II (hCA I and hCA II). They showed a highly potent inhibition effect on AChE, hCA I and hCA II (Ki values are in the range of 26.71-119.09 nM for AChE, 19.77 to 133.68 nM for hCA I and 13.09 to 266.38 nM for hCA II). Reflecting the binding mode of the synthesized cyanopropyl series, the importance of the 2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzyl, 3-methylbenzyl and 3-benzyl groups for optimal interactions with target proteins, evaluated by molecular docking studies. At the same time, the docking findings support the inhibition constants (Ki) values of the related compounds in this study. Potential compounds were also evaluated by their pharmacokinetic properties were predicted. imageÖğe Benzimidazolium salts bearing the trifluoromethyl group as organofluorine compounds: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, in silico study, and inhibitory profiles against acetylcholinesterase and ?-glycosidase(Wiley, 2022) Tezcan, Burcu; Gok, Yetkin; Sevincek, Resul; Taslimi, Parham; Taskin-Tok, Tugba; Aktas, Aydin; Guzel, BilgehanHere, we report the synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of a series of benzimidazolium salts bearing the trifluoromethylbenzyl group. All benzimidazolium salts were characterized by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis techniques. The crystal structures of some of these compounds were obtained by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Furthermore, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and alpha-glycosidase (alpha-Gly) enzyme inhibition activities of these compounds were investigated. The obtained results revealed that 2e, with K-i value of 1.36 +/- 0.34 mu M against AChE and 3d with K-i value of 91.37 +/- 10.38 mu M against alpha-Gly, were the most potent compounds against both assigned enzymes. It should be noted that most of the synthesized compounds were more potent than standard inhibitor tacrine (TAC) against AChE. In silico studies, we focused on compound 2e, 3d, 3e, and 3f as potent inhibitors of AChE and alpha-Gly, the compound 2e showed good binding energy (-10.23 kcal/mol), among the three selected compounds and positive control (-10.18, -10.08, and -7.37 kcal/mol for 3d, 3f, and TAC, respectively). Likewise, as a result of the same compounds against the alpha-Gly enzyme, the compound 3d had the highest binding affinity (-8.39 kcal/mol) between the four selected compounds and the positive control (-8.27, -8.10, -8.06, and -7.53 kcal/mol for 3f, 3e, 2e, and acarbose, respectively). From the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity analyses, it can be concluded that the compounds under consideration exhibited more drug-likeness properties in the prediction studies compared to positive controls.Öğe Benzimidazolium Salts Containing Trifluoromethoxybenzyl: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure, Molecular Docking Studies and Enzymes Inhibitory Properties(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2022) Hamide, Mahmut; Gok, Yetkin; Demir, Yeliz; Sevincek, Resul; Taskin-Tok, Tugba; Tezcan, Burcu; Aktas, AydinThe method for producing 4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl substituted benzimidazolium salts is described in this article. The method is based on the reaction of 4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl substituent alkylating agent with 1-alkylbenzimidazole. This method yielded 1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)-3-alkylbenzimidazolium bromide salts. These benzimidazolium salts were characterized by using H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis techniques. The crystal structure of 1f was enlightened by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Also, the enzyme inhibition effects of the synthesised compounds were investigated. They demonstrated highly potent inhibition effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) (K-i values are in the range of 7.24 +/- 0.99 to 39.12 +/- 5.66 nM, 5.57 +/- 0.96 to 43.07 +/- 11.76 nM, and 4.38 +/- 0.43 to 18.68 +/- 3.60 nM for AChE, hCA I, and hCA II, respectively). In molecular docking study, the interactions of active compounds showing activity against AChE and hCAs enzymes were examined. The most active compound 1f has -10.90 kcal/mol binding energy value against AChE enzyme, and the potential structure compound 1e, which has activity against hCA I and hCA II enzymes, was -7.51 and -8.93 kcal/mol, respectively.Öğe Bisbenzimidazole salts and their in silico-in vitro inhibitory abilities on hCA I, hCA II, and AChE enzymes(Springer Wien, 2024) Yilmaz, Ulku; Demir, Yeliz; Tok, Tugba Taskin; Gok, Yetkin; Aktas, Aydin; Gulcin, IlhamiEight new bisbenzimidazolium halides were prepared from alkyl halides and 4,4 '-bis[(benzimidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1,1 '-biphenyl.The structures of the benzimidazole salts were characterized using elemental analysis techniques as well as 1H, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopic methods. The inhibitory effects of the benzimidazole derivatives were measured against human carbonic anhydrase I (hCA I), human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes. All benzimidazolium halides exhibited significant enzyme inhibitory properties. They showed highly potent inhibitory effect on AChE and hCAs (Ki values are in the range of 15.7 +/- 0.8 to 49.7 +/- 10.1 nM, 14.6 +/- 1.5 to 70.7 +/- 2.7 nM, and 17.4 +/- 2.8 to 38 +/- 10 nM for AChE, hCA I, and hCA II, respectively). The binding orientation of the synthesized bisbenzimidazolium halides was evaluated by molecular docking studies, reflecting the importance of the p-methylbenzyl, m-methylbenzyl, p-nitrophenethyl, and 3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)methyl) groups in protein-ligand interaction. The docking results support the Ki values of the respective compounds in this study. The structure-activity relationships against the various targets are clearly shown in three dimensions at the atomic level by their interactions with the mentioned enzymes.Öğe Chemistry, structure, and biological roles of Au-NHC complexes as TrxR inhibitors(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2020) Karaaslan, Merve Goksin; Aktas, Aydin; Gurses, Canbolat; Gok, Yetkin; Ates, BurhanIn recent years, the preparation of metal complexes and the introduction of biologically active organometalic compounds are new strategies in drug development. For this purpose, generally N-heterocyclic pharmaceutical agents have been used as promising nuclei. Au-containing N-heterocyclic carbene (Au-NHC) derivatives are among the compounds used for this purpose, and their enzyme inhibition, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial and anticancer properties are widely studied. In these studies, the anticancer property of Au-NHC complexes is the most widely studied area. The common result in different studies has been revealed that mitochondrial thioredoxin reductases (TrxR) inhibition is the main pathway in the powerful anticancer effect of many Au-NHC complexes. In TrxR inhibition, the high affinity of gold to sulfur is considered to be the main component of the effect. This review includes the discussions releated to the anticancer activities and TrxR inhibition properties of Au-NHC compounds.Öğe Comparison of natural orifice and conventional transabdominal specimen extraction: literature review(Ame Publishing Company, 2023) Aktas, Aydin; Cicek, EgemenBackground and Objective: Conventional laparoscopic (CL) surgery is widely used in colorectal surgery. However, specimen extraction in CL requires an abdominal incision, which leads to increased rates of incision- related complications, such as postoperative pain, hernia, and surgical site infection (SSI). To reduce these complications, a novel and minimally invasive surgical approach known as natural orifice sample extraction (NOSE) has gained increasingly widespread use. The aim of this review is, intended to compare NOSE and CL in terms of postoperative complications and oncological outcomes in colorectal surgery. Methods: Various medical databases were searched up to May 2021. We included retrospective, cohort study, randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis on the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) with NOSES. Key Content and Findings: The results of this review showed that; compared with CL, NOSE showed less intraoperative bleeding, less postoperative pain and less analgesic requirement, fewer postoperative complications, better cosmetic recovery, less hospital stay, and better quality of life (QoL). While the operation time was found to be longer in NOSE, oncological results were similar in the two groups. Conclusions: NOSE can be applied in colorectal surgery with better clinical outcomes and similar oncologic outcomes. Large-scale multicenter studies are required to confirm its clinical benefits.Öğe The Cytotoxicity Profile, Apoptosis Mechanism, and Molecular Docking Studies of a Series of Benzimidazolium Derivative Morpholine-Substituted Ag(I) Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes(Springer, 2023) Kutlu, Tuerkan; Yildirim, Isil; Dikmen, Miris; Tok, Tugba Taskin; Aktas, Aydin; Gok, YetkinThe main problems experienced in treatment with anticancer drugs are undesirable side effects, and toxicity. Minimal side effects for new anticancer compounds may be met due to enhanced efforts to clarify the compound's mechanisms of action. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether or the cytotoxic effect and apoptosis mechanism of a series Ag(I)NHC complexes on non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549) and normal lung fibroblast cell line (CCD-19Lu) in this study. The cytotoxicity was determined by using the MTT method, and apoptotic effects were detected by cell cycle, annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and cell cycle, caspase-3, mitochondrial membrane potential analysis. Molecular docking studies were performed using in silico ADMET analysis, and molecular docking information on the compounds was gained using the DS 3.5 software subprotocol. All the time, the cytotoxic effect of silver compounds was monitored for 24 h in comparison to cisplatin. The apoptotic effect of these compounds increased in cancer cells as compared to normal cells. Complex 3b exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity on cancer cell in 24 and 72 h, but complex 3a exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity on cancer cell s in 48 h. Moreover, all Ag(I)NHC complexes exhibited significant statistical difference depending on the increase in concentration on cancer cells, and all compounds induced apoptosis associated with distributing of membrane polarization and stopping the cell cycle in phase G1 and the caspase-3 activity. Caspase-3 activity of the new Ag(I)NHC compounds showed 8.3 to 17.6-fold increase compared the untreated cells. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential indicated that JC-1 assay results were 16.9 to17.2-fold higher than normal cells in Ag(I)NHC compounds and 11.3-fold higher her in cisplatin. In addition, molecular docking studies were executed on the Ag(I)NHC complexes, and cisplatin estimate that the binding modes towards the EGFR kinase. Because epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed highly in a great number of epithelial tumors. These findings suggested that Ag(I)NHC complexes exhibited anticancer activity and may be considered to have a new therapeutic potential for human non-small cell lung cancer cell treatment.Öğe Design, synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, in silico studies, and inhibitory properties of the PEPPSI type Pd(II)NHC complexes bearing chloro/fluorobenzyl group(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2023) Gok, Yetkin; Taslimi, Parham; Sen, Betul; Bal, Selma; Aktas, Aydin; Aygun, Muhittin; Sadeghi, MortezaThis work contains synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, and biological activity of a new series of the PEPPSI type Pd(II)NHC complexes [(NHC)Pd(II)(3-Cl-py)]. NMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis techniques were used to characterize all (NHC)Pd(II)(3-Cl-py) complexes. Also, molecular and crystal structures of complex 1c were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Regarding the X-ray studies, the palladium(II) atom has a slightly distorted square-planar coordination environment. Additionally, the enzyme inhibitory effect of new (NHC)Pd(II)(3-Cl-py) complexes (1a-1g) was studied. They exhibited highly potent inhibition effect on acetyl -cholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) (Ki values are in the range of 0.08 +/- 0.01 to 0.65 +/- 0.06 mu M, 10.43 +/- 0.98 to 22.48 +/- 2.01 mu M, 6.58 +/- 0.30 to 10.88 +/- 1.01 mu M and 6.34 +/- 0.37 to 9.02 +/- 0.72 mu M for AChE, BChE, hCA I, and hCA II, respectively). Based on the molecular docking, among the seven synthesized complexes, 1c, 1b, 1e, and 1a significantly inhibited AChE, BChE, hCA I, and hCA II enzymes, respectively. The findings highpoint that (NHC)Pd(II)(3-Cl-py) complexes can be considered as possible inhibitors via metabolic enzyme inhibition.