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Öğe The beneficial effects of 18 glycyrrhetinic acid following oxidative and neuronal damage in brain tissue caused by global cerebral ischemia reperfusion in a C57BL J6 mouse model(Neurol Sci, 2014) Öztanır, Mustafa Namık; Çiftçi, Osman; Çetin, Aslı; Durak, Mehmet Akif; Başak, Neşe; Akyuva, YenerThis study investigated the effects of 18bglycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on neuronal damage in brain tissue caused by global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in C57BL/J6 mice. All subjects (n = 40) were equally divided into four groups: (1) sham-operated (SH), (2) I/R, (3) GA, and (4) GA?I/R. The SH group was used as a control. In the I/R group, the bilateral carotid arteries were clipped for 15 min, and the mice were treated with the vehicle for 10 days. In the GA group, mice were given GA (100 mg/ kg) for 10 days following a median incision without carotid occlusion. In the GA?I/R group, the I/R model was applied to the mice exactly as in the I/R group, and they were then treated with the same dose of GA for 10 days. Cerebral I/R significantly induced oxidative stress via an increase in lipid peroxidaitons and a decrease in elements of the antioxidant defense systems. However, GA treatment was protective against the oxidative effects of I/R by inducing significant increases in antioxidant defense systems and a significant decrease of lipid peroxidations. Additionally, cerebral I/R increased the incidence of histopathological damage and apoptosis in brain tissue, but these neurodegenerative effects were eliminated by GA treatment. Therefore, the current study demonstrated that GA treatment effectively prevents oxidative and histological damage in the brain caused by global I/R. In this context, GA may be useful for the attenuation of the negative effects of global cerebral I/R and, in the future, it may be a viable and safe alternative treatment for ischemic stroke in humans.Öğe The beneficial effects of 18?-glycyrrhetinic acid following oxidative and neuronal damage in brain tissue caused by global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in a C57BL/J6 mouse model(Springer-Verlag Italia Srl, 2014) Oztanir, M. Namik; Ciftci, Osman; Cetin, Asli; Durak, M. Akif; Basak, Nese; Akyuva, YenerThis study investigated the effects of 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on neuronal damage in brain tissue caused by global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in C57BL/J6 mice. All subjects (n = 40) were equally divided into four groups: (1) sham-operated (SH), (2) I/R, (3) GA, and (4) GA+I/R. The SH group was used as a control. In the I/R group, the bilateral carotid arteries were clipped for 15 min, and the mice were treated with the vehicle for 10 days. In the GA group, mice were given GA (100 mg/kg) for 10 days following a median incision without carotid occlusion. In the GA+I/R group, the I/R model was applied to the mice exactly as in the I/R group, and they were then treated with the same dose of GA for 10 days. Cerebral I/R significantly induced oxidative stress via an increase in lipid peroxidaitons and a decrease in elements of the antioxidant defense systems. However, GA treatment was protective against the oxidative effects of I/R by inducing significant increases in antioxidant defense systems and a significant decrease of lipid peroxidations. Additionally, cerebral I/R increased the incidence of histopathological damage and apoptosis in brain tissue, but these neurodegenerative effects were eliminated by GA treatment. Therefore, the current study demonstrated that GA treatment effectively prevents oxidative and histological damage in the brain caused by global I/R. In this context, GA may be useful for the attenuation of the negative effects of global cerebral I/R and, in the future, it may be a viable and safe alternative treatment for ischemic stroke in humans.Öğe Deneysel alzheimer hastalığı modelinde aposininin (apocynın) uzaysal öğrenme, denge ve bellek fonksiyonlarına etkisinin değerlendirilmesi(İnönü Üniversitesi, 2015) Akyuva, YenerDENEYSEL ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞI MODELİNDE APOSİNİN'İN UZAYSAL ÖĞRENME, DENGE VE BELLEK FONKSİYONLARINA ETKİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ Amaç: Bu çalışmada intraserebroventriküler Streptozotosin verilerek oluşturulan deneysel Alzheimer Hastalığında; uzaysal öğrenme, denge ve bellek fonksiyon kaybının bir antioksidan olan ve intraperitonal olarak verilen Aposinin ile tedavisi amaçlanmıştır. Tedavi girişiminin etkisi water-maze, rota-rod, akselere-rod testi, parankimde MDA-GSH analizi, kanda rutin biokimya, histopatolojik olarak hematoksilen-eosin ve transmission elektron mikroskop ile değerlendirilmiştir. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmamızda ağırlıkları 200-275 gram arasında değişen 35 dişi ve 35 erkek Wistar-Albino sıçan kullanıldı. 50 rata aynı seanslarda toplam 20 mikrolitre stereotaktik yöntemle bilateral yapay BOS ta çözünmüş 3 mg/kg intraserebroventriküler STZ verildi. 20 rata ise aynı hacimde bilateral yapay BOS enjeksiyonu yapıldı. İntraserebroventriküler STZ enjeksiyonu yapılmış sıçanlardan, işlem sonrası 21. günde yaşayan 34 rata, kontrol grubundan yaşayan 16 rata water maze ve rota-rod akselere-rod testleri yapıldı. İşlemlere uyumlu olan ve yapılan test sonuçları deneysel AH ile uyumlu olan 15 rat ilaç grubunu, 14 rat kontrol grubunu oluşturdu. İlaç ve kontrol grupları rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı. Bir gruba intraperitonal 10 mg/kg dan aposinin tedavisi, diğer gruba ise aynı hacimde serum fizyolojik verildi. Tedavi tamamlandıktan sonra deneklere water maze, rota-rod, akselere-rod testi tekrar edildi. Ardından ratlar sakrifiye edildi. Sakrifiye edilen ratların kanında rutin biokimya bakıldı. Beyin parankimi hasarsız olarak çıkartılıp iki hemisfere ayrıldı. Bir hemisferden MDA-GSH analizi, diğerinden histopatolojik inceleme yapıldı. Bulgular: Deneysel AH grubları ile kontrol grubları arasında yapılan rota-rod, akselere-rod testinde tedavi öncesi 5 rpm, 10 rpm, 20 rpm, 30 rpm, 40 rpm, akselere 4 dk arasında belirgin fark bulundu. Tedavi sonrası aposinin tedavisi verilmemiş AH grubunda 30-40 rpmlerde fark saptandı. Yapılan water maze testinde ise tedavi öncesi platforma ilk geliş zamanında kontrol grubu lehine fark saptandı. Tedavi sonrası gruplar arasında bir fark görülmedi. Deneklerin kanında çalışılan rutin biyokimya ve beyin parankiminde bakılan GSH arasında fark saptanmadı. Beyin parankiminde bakılan MDA arasındaki fark anlamlıydı. Hemotoksilen-eosin ve TEM histopatolojik incelemesinde aposinin tedavisi alan grupta tedavi almayan gruba göre belirgin olarak daha az nicelikte AH'na ait histopatolojik bulgular saptanmıştır. Bu bulgular kontrol grubunda görülmemiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, ratlara İCV STZ verilerek oluşan oksidatif stresin AH için uygun bir model olduğu görülmüştür. Bu modelde oluşan beyin hasarı tedavisinde Aposininin olumlu etkisi olduğu Water-maze, rota-rod, akselere-rod, histopatolojik testler ve biyokimyasal analiz ile görülmüştür. İleri testler ile desteklendikten sonra aposinin tedavisinin günümüzdeki AH tedavi yöntemlerine ek bir seçenek sağlayabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.Öğe Does transcription factor, induced by daptomycin and vancomycin, affect HIF-1α, Chondroadherin, and COL2A1?(2018) Karaarslan, Numan; Yilmaz, Ibrahim; Yasar Sirin, Duygu; Ozbek, Hanefi; Kaya, Yasin Emre; Akyuva, Yener; Kaplan, Necati; Dogan, Mustafa; Gumustas, Seyit Ali; Erdem, Ilknur; Ates, OzkanAim: In this study, it was firstly aimed to investigate the effect of Daptomycin (DAP) on the proliferation in Vancomycin (VCM)- administered primary chondrocyte cultures and non-drug-administered primary chondrocyte cultures. Our second objective was to investigate the effects of DAP and VCM on the NP-specific marker protein chondroadherin (CHAD), which is associated with spinal cord and dorsal column growth, on the transcription factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), which is induced by hypoxia, and on a type II collagen (COL2A1), which is also known to play a significant role in the development of extracellular matrix, at the pharmaco-molecular level. Material and Methods: Standard human primary chondrocyte cultures were established. DAP and VCM were added to the samples. In all groups, molecular analysis was performed at 0th, 24th and 48th hours. In addition, the surface morphology of the cells was evaluated. Results: Changes in cell morphology and cell death in cultures were observed 24 hours after administration of antibiotics to cell cultures. It was observed that drug administration was associated with the cell viability and that cell viability rate for two antibiotics was similar at the 0th and 48th hours. The expression of three genes decreased at the 24th hour in the experimental group where DAP was administered. Conclusion: Thanks to this molecular-based research, it should not be forgotten that DAP and VCM active pharmacological agents, especially used in the treatment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induced surgical infections, have a negative effect on human chondrocyte and ECM components.Öğe The effect of apocynin on motor and cognitive functions in experimental Alzheimer's disease(Periodicum Biologorum, 2018) Akyuva, Yener; Onal, Cagatay; Parlakpinar, Hakan; Gul, Mehmet; Cigremis, Yilmaz; Ates, Tuncay; Kablan, YukselScope: We investigated the potential beneficial effect of Apognin (APO) on motor and cognitive functions in experimental Alzheimer's disease (AD). Materials and Methods: Experimental AD was induced in rats by intraventricular streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Sham group received articial cerebrospinal fiuid (CSF). Both groups were randomly divided into two subgroups. One of the subgroups received intraperitoneal APO for while the other had normal saline (NS). The animals were evaluated with rotarod, accelerod and Water-Maze tests before and after the treatment. Additionally, biochemical markers of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were analyzed fiom brain specimens. Standard histological evaluation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to evaluate the neural damage. Results: The difference between S7Z+NS in comparison with CSF+NS, CSF+APO and STZ+APO were statistically significant on 30 and 40 rpm on rotarod test. GSH levels, accelerod and Water-Maze test results were not statistically significant between subgroups. However, MDA differences between STZ+NS in comparison with CSF+NS, CSF+APO and STZ+APO were statistically significant. Hemotoxikne eozine staining and TEM results showed apocynins protective effect. Conclusion: These results indicate that APO can provide neuro-protective effect for motor but not for cognitive performance in experimental AD.Öğe The Effects of Stereotactic Cerebroventricular Administration of Albumin, Mannitol, Hypertonic Sodium Chloride, Glycerin and Dextran in Rats with Experimental Brain Edema(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2017) Ates, Tuncay; Gezercan, Yurdal; Menekse, Guner; Turkoz, Yusuf; Parlakpinar, Hakan; Okten, Ali Ihsan; Akyuva, YenerAIM: To evaluate the effects of cerebroventricular administration of hyperoncotic/hyperosmotic agents on edematous brain tissue in rats with experimental head trauma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 54 female Sprague-Dawley rats with weights ranging between 200 and 250 g. Six experimental groups were examined with each group containing 9 rats. All rats were exposed to head trauma, and treatment groups were administered 2 mu l of one of the drugs (albumin, mannitol, hypertonic sodium chloride (NaCl), glycerin and dextran) 6, 12 and 24 hours after the trauma via the cerebroventricular route and using a stereotactic device. Rats were sacrificed 48 hours after the trauma, and brain tissues were extracted without damage. Biochemical analyses including reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) were performed on the injured left hemisphere. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the albumin, mannitol, 3% NaCl and glycerin treatment groups revealed dramatic increases in GSH levels (p < 0.001). Levels of MDA, which is the end-product of brain edema and lipid peroxidation, failed to show a statistically significant decrease, but there was a decreasing trend observed in the inter-group comparisons. NO levels were also decreased in the 3% NaCl treatment group. An analysis of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, two proinflammatory cytokines associated with the trauma, revealed that IL-1 beta decreased significantly in all treatment groups (p=0.001), whereas no significant difference was detected in TNF-alpha levels. CONCLUSION: Cerebroventricular administration of hyperoncotic/hyperosmotic agents provides substantial effects on the treatment of brain edema.Öğe A rarely seen pathology "ıntramedullary spinal metastasis"; clinical series of five patients in asingle ınstitution(Journal of academıc research ın medıcıne-jarem, 2018) Akyuva, Yener; Karadag, Nese; Onal, CagatayObjective: Our study is related to our experiences with intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical features, treatment, and natural course of patients in the context of the literature. Methods: Five patients with ISCM who were admitted to the neurosurgery department between October 2011 and December 2016 and who underwent surgery were identified. Relevant clinical data were obtained. Results: Of the five patients, three had lung cancer, one had breast cancer, and one had renal cell carcinoma. The presenting symptoms were pain, urinary incontinence, and/or weakness. Tumors were at the thoracic level in three patients, cervical level in one patient, and thoracolumbar level in one patient. One patient with lung cancer had undergone metastasectomy for intracranial metastasis. The pathological examination of one patient had been reported as anaplastic ependymoma in a previous health facility, but breast cancer metastasis was found to be the primary diagnosis following the examination of the material obtained from the excision of the relapsed tumor. Conclusion: The diagnosis of ISCM is difficult, and treatment is usually ineffective. Although there is no exact treatment modality in ISCM, appropriate surgery positively affects morbidity and mortality. Planning the right treatment for the right patient is the most important step of ISCM management.Öğe A Rarely Seen Pathology Intramedullary Spinal Metastasis; Clinical Series of Five Patients in a Single Institution(Aves, 2018) Akyuva, Yener; Karadag, Nese; Onal, CagatayObjective: Our study is related to our experiences with intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical features, treatment, and natural course of patients in the context of the literature. Methods: Five patients with ISCM who were admitted to the neurosurgery department between October 2011 and December 2016 and who underwent surgery were identified. Relevant clinical data were obtained. Results: Of the five patients, three had lung cancer, one had breast cancer, and one had renal cell carcinoma. The presenting symptoms were pain, urinary incontinence, and/or weakness. Tumors were at the thoracic level in three patients, cervical level in one patient, and thoracolumbar level in one patient. One patient with lung cancer had undergone metastasectomy for intracranial metastasis. The pathological examination of one patient had been reported as anaplastic ependymoma in a previous health facility, but breast cancer metastasis was found to be the primary diagnosis following the examination of the material obtained from the excision of the relapsed tumor. Conclusion: The diagnosis of ISCM is difficult, and treatment is usually ineffective. Although there is no exact treatment modality in ISCM, appropriate surgery positively affects morbidity and mortality. Planning the right treatment for the right patient is the most important step of ISCM management.
