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    The protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against acrylamide toxicity in liver and small and large intestine tissues
    (Comenius University, 2015) Altinoz E.; Turkoz Y.; Vardi N.
    The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine against acrylamide toxicity in liver and small and large intestine tissues in rats. The rats were divided into four groups. Acrylamide administration increased MDA levels in all tissues significantly (p < 0.05). But acrylamide+NAC administration decreased MDA levels significantly as compared to the acrylamide group, and lowered it to a level close to the control group values (p < 0.05). GSH levels in liver and small intestine tissues reduced significantly in the acrylamide group (p < 0.05). But acrylamide+NAC administration increased GSH levels significantly in all tissues. Whereas GST activity decreased significantly in the acrylamide group in liver and small intestine tissues as compared to the other groups (p < 0.05), the GST activity increased significantly in the acrylamide+NAC group in all tissues as compared to the acrylamide group (p < 0.05). Liver histopathology showed that the liver epithelial cells were damaged significantly in the acrylamide group. Small intestine histopathology showed that the intestinal villous epithelial cells were damaged significantly in the acrylamide group. Our results indicate that a high level of acrylamide causes oxidative damage in liver and small and large intestine tissues, while N-acetylcysteine administration in a pharmacological dose shows to have an antioxidant effect in preventing this damage (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 66). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.
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    Protective effect of saffron (its active constituent, crocin) on oxidative stress and hepatic injury in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
    (Gene Therapy and Molecular Biology, 2014) Altinoz E.; Oner Z.; Elbe H.; Turkoz Y.; Cigremis Y.
    The objective: the reactive oxygen species (ROS) take role in pathogenesis of many diseases like diabetes. Saffron extract, crocin and safranal are remarkable ROS scavenging as antioxidant agents. Methods and results: rats were divided into three groups each containing 10 as follows: control group, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) group, and Diabetes Mellitus+crocin (DM+crocin) group. Tissue samples were processed by routine histological and biochemical procedurs. Liver tissue of control group showed normal histological appearance. Sinusoidal dilatation, sinusoidal congestion, infiltration and vacuolization were observed in hepatocytes of DM group. These findings were reduced in DM+crocin group. The MDA and XO levels in DM group were higher than the other groups (P<0.01), and GSH levels in DM+crocin group were higher than DM group (P<0.01). Blood glucose concentration in DM group increased (p=0.002) compared to control group, but decreased in DM+crocin group (p=0.002) compared to DM group. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartat aminotransferase (AST) levels increased remarkably (P?0.01) in DM group compared to control group. When DM+crocin group was compared with DM group, serum ALT levels decreased (p?0.05); however, decrease was lower in serum AST level (p>0.05). Conclusion: we observed in our study that crocin decreased blood glucose level of STZ induced diabetic rats and protected the liver tissue by decreasing the oxidative stress.
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    The protective role of N-acetylcysteine against acrylamide-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats
    (Gene Therapy and Molecular Biology, 2014) Altinoz E.; Turkoz Y.
    Acrylamide is neurotoxic, genotoxic and highly carcinogenic in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to research the protective role of N-acetylcysteine against acrylamide-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. In the present study, male wistar albino rats were divided into four groups, each containing 10 as follows: Control (C) group, Acrylamide (AA) group, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) group, Acrylamide + N-acetylcysteine (AA+NAC) group. At the end of 21 days, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in plasma and DNA damage was observed in lymphocytes. Plasma GSH level decreased significantly in AA group compared to C group (P < 0.05). However, GSH level increased significantly in AA+NAC group compared to AA group (p< 0.05). MDA levels increased significantly in AA group compared to C group (p< 0.05). But AA+NAC administration decreased MDA levels as compared to AA group (p< 0.05). Comet analysis results showed that lymphocyte DNAs were normal appearance in C and NAC groups. DNA damage was observed at a highest level in AA group. Furthermore some lymphocytes exhibited apoptotic appearance. However this damage was prevented by NAC administration on lymphocyte DNAs significantly. Our results demonstrated that high level of AA caused oxidative stress and DNA damage, but NAC could have a protective role on acrylamide-induced toxicity.