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    Evaluation of the effects of tadalafil on pain response in thermal plantar and dynamic plantar tests in rats
    (2020) Altintas Aykan, Duygun; Yaman, Selma
    Aim: Nitric oxide and its promoters, phosphodiesterase-related agents, have been demonstrated to have pivotal roles in pain modulation. Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors are important to enhance the effect of endogenously released nitric oxid. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the tadalafil efficacy, a PDE5 inhibitor, in central nociception models in rats.Material and Methods: Thirty-six rats were divided into six treatment groups. Mechanic plantar aesthesiometer and thermal plantar tests were employed to measure the pain thresholds to the mechanical and thermal stimulations. Correlations between the tadalafil doses, durations and behavioral pain responses were recorded, and compared with that of diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.Results: Tadalafil 1 and 10 mg/kg single doses; and tadalafil 1 and 10 mg/kg for 7 days exerted significant antinociceptive effects on the mechanic plantar aesthesiometer. However, tadalafildid not reveal significant amelioration in pain responses on the thermal plantar test.Tadalafil 1 mg/kg caused an insignificant amelioration in thermal latencies and withdrawal thresholds in comparison to 10 mg/kg doses.Conclusion: Our findings indicated that nociceptive effect of tadalafil due to thermal stimulation involves cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), while in mechanic hyperalgesiac GMP may not have a basic role in the primary sensory neurons sensitization. The increase in latencies and withdrawal thresholds with low dose tadalafil was remarkabl.
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    Maternal antibiotic exposure and fetal outcomes: Is there evidence for teratogenicity?
    (2019) Altintas Aykan, Duygun; Ergun, Yusuf
    Aim: During pregnancy, untreated infections may be associated with low birth weight, preterm birth, and spontaneous abortion. Thus, use of antibiotics are commonly seen in pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible teratogenic risks related to the maternally exposed antibiotics during pregnancy. Material and Methods: Data from pregnant women, who used antibiotics for several infectious diseases between 2014 and 2018, and admitted to our Teratology Information Service for drug analysis, were collected. Data concerning their medication, concomitant drugs and co-morbidities were documented. The possible teratogenic risks related to the drugs were evaluated. A follow-up was conducted with the women after delivery to obtain whether any major or minor congenital malformations occurred in the infants. Results: The maternal use of doxycycline between 3-6th weeks, and acyclovir between 1-2nd weeks of pregnancy resulted in elective termination. The maternal use of cefazoline between 3-4th weeks of pregnancy, and the use of amoxicillin-clavulanate between 3-6th weeks of gestation resulted in spontaneous abortion. In the outcome of one pregnancy, the concomitant exposure of miconazole, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, ornidazole and isoconazole in the first two weeks of pregnancy resulted in hypothyroidism in the infant. Conclusions: Antibiotics presented no major teratogenic effects. However, their use in pregnancy should be used only when indicated. Pregnant women should have access to the information and specific advice on the use of medications with proven safety in pregnancy through counseling with the Teratology Information Services.
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    Teratogenic evaluation of drugs used by pregnant patients with gastrointestinal system diseases
    (2018) Altintas Aykan, Duygun; Ergun, Yusuf
    Aim: Drug use may be necessary in pregnant women due to chronic diseases or digestive disorders. However, safety of the use of many medications during pregnancy remains limited. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of digestive system drugs during pregnancy. Material and Methods: In this observational study, we collected data of pregnant women who used gastrointestinal agents between 2014 and 2018. Data regarding the medications, exposure to other agents and co-morbidities were documented. Our Teratology Information Service assessed the teratogenic risk of drugs. To investigate the pregnancy outcomes, a follow-up was conducted on the women after delivery to obtain whether there had been any major and/or minor congenital malformations and/or adverse neurodevelopmental effects in the infant. Results: Twelve pregnant women (age 27-34 years), whose gestational age were between 4 and 24 weeks at admission time, were followed up. Among patients, one woman with ulcerative colitis used azathioprine; two women with hepatitis B using tenofovir; three women with nausea and abdominal pain used metoclopramide, hyoscine, ondansetron; six women with dyspepsia and gastritis used alginic acid, antacids, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole, trimebutine, alverine and pancreatin. After delivery, no congenital anomalies were detected. Two infants had low birth weights for gestational age, and one was born preterm. Conclusion: Data in our study contributes to the literature on safety of gastrointestinal system medications in pregnancy. This permits decreasing the number of potential elective terminations related to the concerns about digestive system drugs.