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    Detection of PER-1 type extended spectrum beta lactamase in the acinetobacter baumannii species isolated from blood cultures and investigation of clonal relationship
    (Turkiye Klinikleri, 2013) Coşar M.; Tuncer E.I.; Arslan U.; Mansur A.; Otlu B.; Türk Da?i H.; Findik D.
    Objective: In this study, the presence of PER-1 type extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) was investigated in ceftazidime-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from bloodstream infections by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the clonal relation of the isolates was investigated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in all PER-1 producing A. baumannii strains. Material and Methods: The isolates were identified as A. baumannii by conventional methods and Phoenix 100BD automated system (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Systems, Sparks). Ceftazidime resistance was determined by E test method and PER-1 genes were screened by PCR in ceftazidime resistant strains. Genetic relation of PER producing A. baumannii was investigated with RAPD and PFGE, and the similarity of the bands were calculated according to "dice similarity coefficients". Colistin susceptibility test was studied by E-test, and other antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method according to the standards of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: Of the 100 A. baumannii isolates; 78 were determined as ceftazidime-resistant. The PER-1 gene was identified in 18 (23%) isolates of these strains. The clonal relation of the 18 PER-1 positive isolates were investigated by RAPD and PFGE. All PER-1 positive isolates were found to be clonally related. The resistance rates of the A. baumannii strains were found as follows: 67% to amikacin, 71% to imipenem, 85% to ciprofloxacin, 83% to tetracycline, 83% to trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole, 87% to cefepim, 99% to piperacillin-tazobactam and 100% ceftriaxone. Colistin resistance was not determined. Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of PER-1 was lower than the previous studies. However, presence of the high ceftazidime resistance rates among these isolates may indicate the presence of other beta-lactamases. Detection of clonally-related isolates with RAPD and PFGE in different clinics may be due to treatment of these patients in the same clinic before, and this may explain the spread of PER-1 positive strains. © 2013 by Türkiye Klinikleri.
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    Evaluation of antibacterial effects of pulp capping agents with direct contact test method
    (2014) Yalcin M.; Arslan U.; Dundar A.
    Objectives: Calcium hydroxide has been used in dentistry as a major capping material having the capacity to introduce the formation of a mineralized dentin bridge, but it has no direct inducing effect to the pulp cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of three different pulp capping agents using a direct contact test (DCT). Materials and Methods: The antibacterial properties of three pulp capping agents were evaluated a DCT. For the DCT, wells (n = 12) of 96-microtiter plates were coated with the tested cements (Dycal, Dentsply, USA; DiaRoot BioAggregate, Diadent, Holland; Calcimol LC, Voco, Germany) and Kalzinol (zinc oxide/eugenol cement, Dentsply, USA) was used as control material. A Lactobacillus casei suspension was placed on the surface of each specimen for 1 h at 37°C. Bacterial growth was monitored for 16 h with a temperature-controlled microplate spectrophotometer. The kinetics of the outgrowth in each well were recorded continuously at 650 nm every 30 min. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and Tamhane's T2 multiple comparison test. The level of significance was determined as P < 0.05. Results: All pulp capping agents showed an increase in the logarithmic growth rate of L. casei when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Therefore, all pulp capping agents did not show antibacterial activity. Conclusions: The tested pulp capping agents haven't got antibacterial properties. Therefore, they should be used carefully when pulp is exposed or only very thin dentin remained over the pulp to avoid bacterial contamination. © 2014 Dental Investigations Society.