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Öğe Double auricle?(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001) Askar, I; Gurlek, A; Sevin, K[Abstract Not Available]Öğe An easy way of finding a vein in microsurgery(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003) Gürlek, A; Askar, I; Bilen, BT; Çelik, M; Fariz, A; Aydogan, H; Arslan, A[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Effects of heparin fractions on the prevention of skin necrosis resulting from adriamycin extravasation: An experimental study(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002) Askar, I; Erbas, MK; Gurlek, AExtravasation of a chemotherapeutic agent is one of the most frequent complications in cancer patients. Full-thickness skin necrosis often occurs after extravasation. Alternative approaches to treatment are local wound care, elevation, and hypothermia. It was shown that heparin prevents skin necrosis. In this experimental study, the effects of heparin fractions on the prevention of skin necrosis were compared by applying an extravasation model of Adriamycin in rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 250 to 300 g were used. A total of 0.3 ml doxorubicin hydrochloride was administered subcutaneously to all rats. Ten minutes later, in the control group (group 1), 1 ml normal saline was administered subcutaneously. In the first experimental group (group 11), 100 U per day heparin sodium was administered in a volume of 1 ml subcutaneously. In the second experimental group (group III), nadroparin calcium (5 anti-Xa U per kilogram per day) was administered. In the third and last experimental group (group IV), dalteparin sodium (5 anti-Xa U per kilogram per day) was administered. All drugs were administered for 2 weeks. Necrotic areas were measured 4 weeks later. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney U test. Heparin fractions caused a decreased ulcer rate and size than controls (p < 0.05). There was no superiority among heparin fractions. The authors think that low-molecular weight heparins are preferred, considering the higher risk of bleeding with unfractionated heparin.Öğe Grafting the nasal dorsum with tandem ear cartilage(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004) Gürlek, A; Aydogan, H; Askar, I[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Lateral facial clefts (macrostomia)(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001) Askar, I; Gurlek, A; Sevin, K[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Protective effects of some antineoplastic agents on ischemia-reperfusion injury in epigastric island skin flaps(Wiley-Liss, 2006) Askar, I; Oktay, MF; Gurlek, A; Bac, BNeutrophil depletion has a beneficial effect on ischemic myocardium and skeletal muscle upon reperfusion. Antineoplastic agents reduce blood neutrophils effectively, and lead to neutrophil depletion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four antineoplastic agents in low doses (cyclophosphamide, cisplatinum, mitomycin-C, and 5-fluorouracil) on ischemia-reperfusion injury, using an epigastric island skin-flap model in rats. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into five groups, each consisting of 10 rats: control, cyclophosphamide, cisplatinum, mitomycin-C, and 5-fluorouracil groups. Epigastric island skin flaps (measuring 3.5 x 4 cm) were raised and subjected to 10 h of in situ ischemia, followed by 7-day reperfusion and evaluation. Treatment with antineoplastic agents (cyclophosphamide, cisplatinum, mitomycin-C, and 5-fluorouracil) was used to introduce neutropenia. Complete blood counts, cutaneous bleeding time, and skin-flap survival were evaluated. Additionally, levels of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured from extracted skin tissue. Numbers of leukocytes and platelets were decreased in all experimental groups. However, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were not seen. Cutaneous bleeding activity was prolonged in all experimental groups, but not above the normal value. MDA and NO levels were found to be lower in all four antineoplastic agent groups than in the control group, while GSH, GSH-Px, and SOD enzyme activities were significantly higher (P < 0.05). However, MDA and NO levels were significantly decreased in the cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil groups, as compared to the cisplatinum and mitomycin-C groups (P < 0.01). Also, GSH, GSH-Px, and SOD enzyme activities were significantly increased in the cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil groups, compared to the other two antineoplastic agent groups (P < 0.01). We conclude that antineoplastic agents have beneficial effects on ishemia-reperfusion injuries when their doses are carefully adjusted, by decreasing the number of leukocytes and platelets, and altering the activity of free oxygen radicals. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Öğe Salutary effects of radiopaque contrast media on the survival of random-pattern skin flaps in the rat(Wiley, 2004) Askar, I; Bozkurt, M; Oktay, MF; Gürlek, A; Keles, CThe radiopaque contrast medium diatrizoate, has a vasodilator effect so that it is used in sudden-deafness secondary ischemic injury. However, ischemic problems are encountered, especially when longer flaps are elevated. A longer flap also has ischemic and relatively ischemic tissue, and may obtain some benefit from contrast media. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing about 350-400 g, were used, and randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 rats each group): group 1 was the control, group 2 the diatrizoate, group 3 the iopamidol, and group 4 the iothalamate group. A rectangular 3 x 10 cm caudally based dorsal skin flap was elevated, and sutured back to its original place. In the control group, no pharmacologic agent was administered. Sodium-meglumine-diatrizoate 10 mg/kg/day was administered parenterally in the first experimental group (diatrizoate group); iopamidol 10 mg/kg/day in the second experimental group (iopamidol group); and iothalamate sodium 10 mg/kg/day in the third experimental group (iothalamate group) for 7 postoperative days. On postoperative day 7, all flaps were photographed, and the area of flap survival was measured by using a polar planimeter. The results were statistically evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test (P = 0.05). The mean flap survival ranged from 79% in the iopamidol group to 83% in the diatrizoate group, and was significantly greater in all experimental groups (P < 0.05) compared to the control group (59%). There was no significant difference between experimental groups (P < 0.05). We believe that radiopaque contrast media have a beneficial effect in improving skin flap viability when distal flap necrosis is a potential complication of longer flaps. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Öğe A transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap for reconstruction of a large deformity in the buttock(Taylor & Francis As, 2005) Gürlek, A; Demir, CY; Askar, I; Aydogan, H; Alaybeyoglu, N; Coban, KA rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap has been used to repair the abdominal wall, chest wall, sternum, breast, and groin. We describe a patient in whom a large deformity in the buttock caused by a road crash was repaired with a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap. Distally-based TRAM flaps provide a good and reliable way of reconstructing the buttock. Its advantages are a long arc of rotation and well-vascularised bulky tissue that serve as a partition and promote quick healing of the defect. However, the flap is not the first choice for traumatic and infected wounds where fatty tissue is not desired.Öğe The use of lower turbinate bone grafts in the treatment of saddle nose deformities(Springer-Verlag, 2002) Gurlek, A; Askar, I; Bilen, BT; Aydogan, H; Fariz, A; Alaybeyoglu, NSaddle nose reconstruction is based on the use of support grafts to manage aesthetic and functional problems. Bone (calvarial, iliac crest, costal, nasal hump, ulnar, and heterogenous origin), cartilage (septal, costal, heterogenous), and synthetic materials (silicon, silastic, polyethylene) were used as support grafts. Three patients have been included in this study to define the surgical management and long-term aesthetic and functional results of patients undergoing rhinoplasty with support grafts for a saddle nose deformity. Open rhinoplasty was employed. Both the lower turbinates were excised and the bone dissected from the soft tissues in two cases and in one case, only mucosa was removed. The amount of support needed was measured by using bone wax. The bone was used shaped in layers, according to the defect, and sutured to each other by vycril suture, and wrapped around by surgicell. The graft was then inserted in its place and fixed with external prolene sutures. Results were satisfactory in both function and aesthetics. Ten to 16-month followups had no complications. Saddle nose surgery basically requires the use of a support graft to repair the nasal dorsum. A lower turbinate bone graft procedure has some advantages: it is cheap and safe, it is ready to use and not time-consuming, there is no donor area and no additional donor site morbidity, and it enlarges the airway and the passage to prevent nasal airway obstruction.
