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    Chromium picolinate and chromium histidinate protects against renal dysfunction by modulation of NF-?B pathway in high-fat diet fed and Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    (Bmc, 2012) Selcuk, Mustafa Yavuz; Aygen, Bilge; Dogukan, Ayhan; Tuzcu, Zeynep; Akdemir, Fatih; Komorowski, James R.; Atalay, Mustafa
    Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of major complications of diabetes mellitus. Although chromium is an essential element for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, its effects on diabetic nephropathy are not well understood. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) and chromium histidinate (CrHis) on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway in the rat kidney. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Group I received a standard diet (8% fat) and served as a control; Group II was fed with a standard diet and received CrPic; Group III was fed with a standard diet and received CrHis; Group IV received a high fat diet (HFD, 40% fat) for 2 weeks and then were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (HFD/STZ); Group V was treated as group IV (HFD/STZ) but supplemented with CrPic for 12 weeks. Group VI was treated as group IV (HFD/STZ) but supplemented with CrHis. Results: The increased NF-kappa beta p65 in the HFD/STZ group was inhibited by CrPic and CrHis supplementation (P < 0.05). In STZ-treated rats, a significant decrease in levels of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (I kappa B alpha) was found in kidney tissues when compared to control rats (P < 0.05). A significant increase in the levels of I kappa B alpha was observed in CrPic- and CrHis-treated rats when compared with STZ-treated rats. Renal Nrf2 levels were significantly decreased in diabetic rats compared with the control rats. There was a higher tendency for increase of kidney Nrf2 level and decrease in kidney NF kappa Bp65 levels and 4-hydroxyl nonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts (P < 0.05) in diabetic rats. Conclusion: Our result show that in kidney tissue CrHis/CrPic increases Nrf2 level, parallelly decreases NF-kappa B and partially restores I kappa B alpha levels in HFD/STZ group, suggesting that CrPic and CrHis may play a role in antioxidant defense system via the Nrf2 pathway by reducing inflammation through NF-kappa beta p65 inhibition. Moreover, a greater reduction in NF-kappa B expression and greater increases in expressions of I kappa B alpha and Nrf2 in diabetic rats supplemented with CrHis than rats supplemented with CrPic suggest that CrHis has more favorable effects than CrPic.
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    Preventive effects of systemic Pistacia eurycarpa Yalt. administration on alveolar bone loss and oxidative stress in rats with experimental periodontitis
    (Univ Sao Paulo Fac Odontologia Bauru, 2024) Atalay, Mustafa; Uslu, Mustafa Ozay; Icen, Mehmet Sina; Uremis, Nuray; Turkoz, Yusuf
    Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of systemic administration of P. eurycarpa Yalt. plant extract on alveolar bone loss and oxidative stress biomarkers in gingival tissue in a rat model of experimental periodontitis. Methodology: 32 male Wistar albino rats, weighing 200-250 g, were divided into four groups (n=8): Healthy control (HC), Experimental periodontitis control (EPC), Experimental periodontitis 400 mg/kg (EP400), Experimental periodontitis 800 mg/kg (EP800). Experimental periodontitis was induced using the ligating method. Distilled water was administered to the HC and EPC groups and the plant extract was administered to the EP400 and EP800 groups by oral gavage at doses of 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, respectively. The rats were sacrificed on the 15th day. The values of glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismustase (SOD), interleukin-113 (IL-113), interleukin-10 (IL-10), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) in the gingival tissues were analyzed by ELISA tests. Alveolar bone loss was assessed using micro-CT images of the maxilla. Results: Although the IL-113, TOS, OSI results of the healthy control group were lower than those of the other groups, the TAS values were higher (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in the biochemical parameters among the EPC, EP400, and EP800 groups (p>0.05). Alveolar bone loss was significantly reduced in the extract groups compared to the EPC group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it was observed that the systemic P. eurycarpa extract application reduced alveolar bone loss in a rat model of experimental periodontitis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the beneficial effects