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    The Acute Effect of Humic Acid on Iron Accumulation in Rats
    (Humana Press Inc, 2016) Cagin, Yasir Furkan; Sahin, N.; Polat, A.; Erdogan, M. A.; Atayan, Y.; Eyol, E.; Bilgic, Y.
    Free iron leads to the formation of pro-oxidant reactive oxygen species (ROS). Humic acids (HAs) enhance permeability of cellular wall and act as a chelator through electron transferring. This study was designed to test chelator effect of HA on iron as well as its anti-oxidant effect against the iron-induced hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. The rats used were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group): group I (the control group); group II (the HA group), humic acid (562 mg/kg) was given over 10 days by oral gavage; group III (the iron group), iron III hydroxide polymaltose (250 mg/kg) was given over 10 days by intraperitoneal route; and group IV (the HA plus iron group), received the iron (similar to group II) plus humic acid (similar to those in groups II and III) group. Blood and two tissue samples both from liver and heart were obtained for biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Iron deposition, the iron-induced hepatotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity were demonstrated by histopathological and biochemical manner. However, no significant differences were observed in the serum biochemical values and the histopathological results among the iron and the HA plus iron groups in the liver tissue but not in the heart tissue. The protective effects of humic acid against iron-induced cardiotoxicity were shown but not against hepatotoxicity in our study.
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    The protective effects of apocynin on ionizing radiation-induced intestinal damage in rats
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Cagin, Y. F.; Parlakpinar, H.; Polat, A.; Vardi, N.; Atayan, Y.; Erdogan, M. A.; Ekici, K.
    Background and aims: Radiation colitis typically emerges during radiotherapy of intra-abdominal malignancies. While the underlying mechanism remains unclear, it is considered that free oxygen radicals act like cellular mediators to cause colonic damage. Apocynin (APO) prevents oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death by inhibiting NADPH oxidase, and preventing the formation of free oxygen radicals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of APO, a strong antioxidant and antiinflammatory agent, on radiation induced colonic oxidative damage in rats.Materials and methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=8/group). Group I (control group); Group II (Group RAD) received a single dose of 800 cGy ionizing radiation to the whole abdomen with a linear accelerator (LINAC); Group III (Group APO) received a single dose of 20mg/kg of APO intraperitoneally for five days; Group IV (Group APO+RAD) received APO for five days before radiation exposure (similar to Group III), (similar to Group II).Results: APO treatment prior to radiation led to protection in the biochemical and histopathological parameters.Conclusions: Our study shows that APO treatment before radiation improves radiation induced colonic injury in rats, by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis.