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Öğe Change of textural properties during fermentation in pickles made from unriped seeds of two domestic apricot cultivars ('Hacihaliloglu' and 'Kabaasi') in Malatya(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2020) Kaplan, M.; Eskigun, S.; Levent, O.; Baydir, A. Turk; Diraman, H.; Atik, A.; Atik, IThe materials used in pickling were green almonds of 'Hacihaliloglu' ( 83%) [HH] and 'Kabaasi' (12%) [KA] apricot cultivars which are the dominant species in Malatya. The materials were harvested by hand thinning at unriped (green) seeds almond period of these cultivars before hardening of seeds. In this study, it was aimed to provide bigger and having higher quality of apricot fruits agronomically by thinning and to obtain economically new and different product made from unriped (green) seeds wastes for producers. Three different applications were performed to the pickles that obtained, due to citric acid, acetic acid, CaCl2 and potassium sorbate ratios used in brine. Texture profile analyses (TPA) were applied in pickles during 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months. TA.XT plus texture analyzer was used to perform the texture profile analysis (TPA) (36 mm diameter cylindrical and 100 mm compression platen probes), puncture test (PT) (2 mm diameter punch probe) and knife test (extended craft knife) of the all samples [HH and KA]. Toughness and shear force (shear data [kg mm]) values were decreased during fermentation in unripe (green) seed of apricot fruit samples. Texture profile analysis ([TPA], hardness, springeness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience) data among samples based on fermentation period and applied methods differed both in two unripe (green) seeds of apricot cultivars (HH and KA). Hardness, gumminess and cohesiveness-chewiness values were increased only in KA sample while chewiness value was decreased in HH sample, during fermentation. Springeness and resilience values in all samples were decreased while adhesiveness values were determined as negative. There was no fracturabilty data for all samples.Öğe Factors affecting industrial wood, material production yield in Turkey's natural beech forests(Editura Silvica, 2014) Atik, A.; Yilmaz, B.The objectives of the present study are to determine the most important factors affecting industrial wood material production yield in natural oriental beech forests in Turkey using a multifaceted approach and to help entrepreneurs consider these factors to develop more sensitive and realistic production plans. In Gunye Forest Management in Bartin province of the West Black Sea Region of Turkey, 41 production units were chosen as the study area. The 1277 ha study area was included in the 2007 and 2010 production management plan. The general state of the stand, natural stand structure, and production methods and tools are the factors thought most strongly affect industrial wood material production yield; 26 variables representing these factors were evaluated in the study. Through multidimensional statistical analyses, including main components, factor and regression analysis, we found that the most important factors affecting production yield were fertility, aspect of land, skidding method, stand structure, skidding distance, growing stock, transportation and harmful abiotic factors. Production units were divided into three groups based on yield rates and the 26 variables, using discriminate analysis. From the results of the study, a sample model can be developed to help forest managers predict and plan annual industrial wood production more sensitively and realistically.Öğe LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS OF BATTALGAZI ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SETTLEMENT IN MALATYA, TURKEY, ITS PROTECTION PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS(Scibulcom Ltd, 2014) Yilmaz, B.; Saricam, S.; Aslan, F.; Atik, A.Historical settlements are the values which combine past and today, achieve interaction between cultures and give identity to the environment. It is usual in historical settlements that a change may be experienced. It is required that a prospective management and protection approach should be provided in order to avoid identity losses by experienced changes in historical settlements. Unfortunately, in time these values are eroded inside the uniform unplanned and distorted urban areas. It is emphasised in the 1972 UNESCO Convention for The Protection of The World Cultural and Natural Heritage that these unique cultural values belong not only to the geography they take place but also to human kind. It is a responsibility for human kind that these values should be protected in a complementary approach without isolating historical places form their original natural and cultural environment. Dating back to Palaeolithic period the Battalgazi town (Old Malatya) in Malatya city was researched. From the antique ages to date, this province has been one of the most important junction points which connect Middle East, Anatolia and Eurasia. In the Ottoman period; during the western attack of Ottoman Army local people were obliged to move orchards houses and set up today urban structure. The town Battalgazi survives with its historical and archaeological tissue. Historical tissue in the town is shaded by distorted urban area, destroyed by wrong restoration methods and poor maintenance conditions in addition to unsuitable socio-cultural structure. This study was carried out by scanning literature, interviewing responsible institutions and experts and evaluating data obtained from observations. In the study elements forming the historical tissue in the area were briefly identified and the relation between historical building and its environment, its land-use and landscape characteristics were investigated. Consequently, the degree of change and its effect on the town were determined.
