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    Substituted NHC-PEPPSI-Pd(ii) complexes: synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations and catalytic application in thiazole C-H arylation
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2026) Evren, Enes; Boubakri, Lamia; Zouaghi, Mohamed Oussama; Gurbuz, Nevin; Ozdemir, Ismail; Arfaoui, Youssef; Attour, Anis
    In this study, a series of functionalized benzimidazolium salts and their PEPPSI-type Pd(ii)NHC complexes 3a-g were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Quantum chemistry computations at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)/LANL2DZ level were used to examine the molecular structure, electronic characteristics, and chemical reactivity of the ligand and its Pd complex. The new salt and PEPPSI-type Pd-NHC complex were fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the catalytic activity of the NHC-PEPPSI-Pd(ii) complexes was tested by direct arylation of 2-n-propylthiazole and 4,5-dimethylthiazole with various aryl halides at 120 degrees C for 1 h and 3 h, respectively. It was observed that the palladium complexes gave high yields and were selective at the C5 and C2-positions of heteroaryl derivatives. Complex 3f, with an NHC substituted by a 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl group, showed the highest conversion probably due to the flexibility, electronic and mostly steric effects of this group.
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    Tris(benzimidazole)(nitrato)silver(I) complexes: Synthesis, catalytic activities, and biological evaluation
    (Elsevier, 2026) Boubakri, Lamia; Hallab, Wissem; Karci, Huseyin; Attour, Anis; Dundar, Muhammed; Ozdemir, Lknur Lknur; Gurbuz, Nevin
    In this study new N-alkylbenzimidazole derivatives 1a-e and their related tris(benzimidazole)(nitrato)silver(I) complexes 2a-e were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, 1H,13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, which support the proposed structures. Further confirmations of structural details were provided by a single-crystal X-ray. A single crystal of tris(N-alkylbenzimidazole)(nitrato)silver(I) 2e shows that the coordination geometry around Ag slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry. Further, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against bacteria Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and the fungal strains C. albicans and C. glabrata. The results indicated that the activity shown by the tested compounds, especially against Gram-negative bacteria, is valuable for the development of new treatment options against these microorganisms. Especially, the drug development potential of N-alkyl-5,6-dimethylbenzimdazole 1b and complexes 2b, 2c, and 2e showing the highest antimicrobial activity. Also, the alkylbenzimidazole substituent 1b and 1e and the Tris(1-alkylbenzimidazole)silver(I) 2c showed remarkable activity against fungi strains. Complexes 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, and 2e also showed high cytotoxicity. The synthesized complexes demonstrated higher cytotoxicity relative to Cisplatin across all tested cell lines. Furthemore, a mild catalytic protocol for benzaldehyde, amine, and phenylacetylene coupling (A3-coupling) allows for the selective synthesis of propargyl amines using N-alkylbenzimidazole silver(I) nitrate catalysts with conversion of 100 %. The present approach is environmentally benign and water is generated as the sole by product.