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    An investigation of the effects of various proprioceptive inputs on vestibuloocular reflex and otolith organs
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Cengiz, Deniz Ugur; Karababa, Ercan; Sarioglu, Sanem Can; Mazooglu, Busra; Demirel Birisik, Sumeyye; Avsar, Almila; Bozkurt, Hatice Kubra
    Background The vestibular system is crucial for balance and gaze stability. Proprioceptive inputs from the musculoskeletal system significantly contribute to vestibular processing, especially under postural challenge. Objectives To examine how proprioceptive inputs in various body positions affect the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and otolith organ function. Materials and methods Thirty healthy adults (18-40 years, no vertiginous symptoms) underwent cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (c-VEMP, o-VEMP) and video head impulse testing (v-HIT) in four positions: sitting, standing, one-leg standing, and on a balance disk. Primary outcomes included latency, amplitude, and asymmetry for VEMPs; gain and asymmetry for semicircular canals (SCCs) via v-HIT. Results c-VEMP latencies and amplitudes did not differ significantly across positions; however, amplitude asymmetry was significantly different between sitting and other conditions (p = .041). o-VEMP results remained consistent (p > .05). v-HIT revealed progressively reduced SCC gain from sitting to disk stance, with significant decreases in lateral SCCs (p < .05) and vertical SCCs (p < .001); asymmetry remained stable. Conclusions and significance Increased proprioceptive demand reduced VOR gain and modified c-VEMP asymmetry, reflecting enhanced vestibulospinal engagement. These outcomes likely arise from multisensory interactions rather than proprioceptive input alone, underscoring integrated sensory contributions to postural control.
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    Determination of the normative values of the subjective visual vertical and horizontal test in the pediatric population
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2026) Sarioglu, Sanem Can; Cengiz, Deniz Ugur; Bugra, Esra; Mazooglu, Busra; Avsar, Almila
    Background: Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) and Subjective Visual Horizontal (SVH) tests are useful tests to identify central vestibular tone imbalances. Aim: To determine the normal values of the Subjective Visual Vertical/Subjective Visual Horizontal (SVV/SVH) test in the pediatric group. The normative data were intended to be used as reference values in the vestibular evaluation of patients presenting with balance disorders and complaints of dizziness. Materials and methods: The study included 60 individuals between the ages of 8 and 18. All participants underwent static and dynamic SVV and SVH testing using the Virtualis Virtual Reality device, based on a test-retest protocol with six different initial tilt angles (10 degrees,-10 degrees, 20 degrees,-20 degrees, 30 degrees,-30 degrees). Deviation angles were analyzed. Results: Across all tilt angles, the mean deviation angle ranged from 1.93 degrees to 2.44 degrees for the static SVV test and from 1.73 degrees to 2.31 degrees for the static SVH test. For the dynamic SVV test, the mean deviation angle ranged from 10.47 degrees to 11.42 degrees, while in the dynamic SVH test, it ranged from 7.3 degrees to 8.85 degrees across all tilt angles. Conclusion: As a result of this study, normative values for static and dynamic SVV and SVH tests using the Virtualis Virtual Reality Device were established for use in vestibular assessment in the pediatric population. The study contributes to the current literature by providing updated data, addressing the limited number of studies on static and dynamic SVV and SVH tests in pediatric populations.