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    Early-married and sexually abused girls differ in their psychiatric outcomes
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Soylu, Nusret; Ayaz, Muhammed; Yuksel, Tugba
    Early marriage and sexual abuse are the two of the most frequent types of childhood abuse. Although early marriage is also a type of sexual abuse, it is associated with different physical, social, and mental outcomes than sexual abuse alone. The purpose of this study was to compare early-married girls and sexually abused girls who were referred for forensic evaluation in Turkey in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics, mental disorder rates, and mental symptom severity. We included 63 adolescent girls for whom a judicial report had been demanded and who were under 15 years old when they were married but were not yet 18 years old during the evaluation (15.51 +/- 0.78) and 72 sexually abused adolescent girls between 14 and 18 years old (15.80 +/- 1.10) in this study. Following a psychiatric evaluation, the study participants completed the Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (CPTS-RI) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). We used the Windows SPSS 16.0 software program to assess the results. At least one psychiatric disorder was determined in 44.4% of the early-married and 77.8% of the sexually abused cases (p < 0.001). A diagnosis of PTSD or ASD was observed in 11.1% of the early-married cases and in 54.2% of the sexually abused victims (p < 0.001). MDD was determined in 33.3% of the early-married cases and 56.9% of the sexually abused cases (p = 0.006). The CPTS-RI scores of the sexually abused victims were higher than those of the early-married cases (p < 0.001). All of the subscale scores of the BSI were higher in the sexually abused adolescents than in the early-married cases (p < 0.001). Although early marriage has severe physical, social and mental outcomes, it is not as severe as sexual abuse in terms of psychiatric disorder rates and the psychiatric symptom severity it causes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Factors related with unintentional injuries in children with newly diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Ayaz, Ayse Burcu; Ayaz, Muhammed; Senturk, Ekrem; Soylu, Nusret; Yuksel, Serhat; Yulaf, Yasemin
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors associated with unintentional injury in children newly diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One thousand four hundred and thirty children between the ages of 6 and 18 who were diagnosed with ADHD for the first time in child psychiatry outpatient clinics were included in the present study. The socio-demographic information of the children, their developmental histories, chronic physical health conditions, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and information obtained via the Turgay DSM-IV-based Child and Adolescent Disorders Screening and Rating Scale were examined retrospectively. It was determined that 12.8% of the children (n = 183) experienced unintentional injury. It was established that age, male gender, disruptive behavioural problems, and low education levels among mothers were predictive of unintentional injuries. The results of the present study suggest that behavioural problems accompanying ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders are important in terms of unintentional injuries.
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    Fine motor skills in children with rolandic epilepsy
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2013) Ayaz, Muhammed; Kara, Bulent; Soylu, Nusret; Ayaz, Ayse Burcu
    This study aimed to evaluate fine motor skills in children with rolandic epilepsy (RE). The research included 44 children diagnosed with typical RE and 44 controls matched in terms of age, gender, and level of education. Fine motor skills were evaluated with the Purdue Pegboard Test, and intelligence was measured with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. After controlling for the effect of intelligence on fine motor skills, the results showed that the children with RE did not perform as well as the controls in the PPT dominant hand, both hands, and assembly subtests. Epileptic focus, treatment status, type of antiepileptic treatment, age at the time of the first seizure, time since the last seizure, and total number of seizures did not affect motor skills. Rolandic epilepsy negatively affected fine motor skills regardless of the children's level of intelligence. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Gender Differences in Sexually Abused Children and Adolescents: A Multicenter Study in Turkey
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Soylu, Nusret; Ayaz, Muhammed; Gokten, Emel Sari; Alpaslan, Ahmet Hamdi; Donmez, Yunus Emre; Ozcan, Ozlem Ozel; Ayaz, Ayse Burcu
    The purpose of this study was to examine gender-based differences in abuse-related characteristics and post-abuse psychiatric disorders among sexually abused children and adolescents. The researchers retrospectively examined files, judicial reports, and social examination reports of 1,250 sexually abused youth cases. Results showed that boys were more often victimized by penetration, force, and physical violence. Incidence of sexual abuse by family members, familiar persons, and multiple persons was higher among girls. In addition, a higher rate of major depressive disorder as well as alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking were found in sexually abused girls. No difference was observed between boys and girls in terms of post-traumatic stress disorder, conduct disorder, and other mental disorders. Intellectual disability was more frequent in boys.
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    Medication Persistence in Turkish Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2014) Ayaz, Muhammed; Ayaz, Ayse Burcu; Soylu, Nusret; Yuksel, Serhat
    Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate medication persistence in Turkish children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The effects of sociodemographic characteristics, symptom severity of ADHD, comorbidity, and treatment-related factors influencing medication persistence in children diagnosed with ADHD were studied. Methods: Medication persistence over a continuous 12 month period was evaluated for 877 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years of age, who were diagnosed with ADHD for the first time and started to receive medication. Medication persistence was determined according to whether or not taking the prescribed medication continued for 12 months after the initiation of treatment. Whereas the symptom severity of ADHD was assessed by using the Turgay Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV)-based Child and Adolescent Behaviour Disorders Screening and Rating Scale-Parents Form (T-DSM-IV-S), perceived medication efficacy after the first treatment was evaluated by the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement Scale (CGI-I). Results: In this study, medication persistence over a continuous 12 month period occurred at a rate of 30.2% (n=265) in the subjects studied. The hierarchical regression analysis conducted in this research revealed that younger age, higher hyperactivity/impulsivity symptom severity, use of long-acting methylphenidate, addition of another ADHD medication, addition of other psychotropic medications, absence of side effects, and perceived medication efficacy were associated with successful medication persistence over a continuous 12 month period. Conclusions: Understanding the factors that affect medication persistence in ADHD may improve treatment efficacy and symptom control, while minimizing future risks.
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    Psychiatric disorders and characteristics of abuse in sexually abused children and adolescents with and without intellectual disabilities
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2013) Soylu, Nusret; Alpaslan, Ahmet Hamdi; Ayaz, Muhammed; Esenyel, Selcen; Oruc, Mucahit
    The purpose of this study was to compare sexually abused children and adolescents, with and without intellectual disabilities (ID), in terms of post-abuse psychiatric disorders, features of the sexual abuse, and sociodemographic characteristics. The study included sexually abused children aged 6-16 years, who were sent to three different child mental health units for forensic evaluation; there were 102 cases (69 girls and 33 boys) with ID and 154 cases (126 girls and 28 boys) without ID. Researchers retrospectively examined the files, social examination reports, and the judicial reports of the cases. It. was determined that in the group with ID, sexual abuse types including penetration and contact had higher rates, they were exposed to more frequent repeated abuses, the abuses were revealed with their own reports at a later period and lower rates, and post-abuse pregnancies were more frequent. It was also determined that the abuser was a familiar person and a family member at lower rates and more than one abuser was encountered more frequently, compared to the group without ID. While no difference was determined between the two groups in terms of the frequency of post-abuse post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), conduct disorder (CD) was observed more frequently in the group with ID. This study emphasizes that sexual abuse, which is an important problem in individuals with ID, has different features and effects. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Socio-Demographic and Behavioral Factors Related to Unintentional Injuries in Preschool Children Diagnosed to Have Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
    (Kure Iletisim Grubu A S, 2015) Ayaz, Muhammed; Ayaz, Ayse Burcu; Soylu, Nusret
    Objective: Unintentional injuries are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in preschool children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to unintentional injuries in preschool children diagnosed to have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: This study included 237 preschool children diagnosed to have ADHD, aged 4-5 years, recruited from a child psychiatry outpatient clinic. Diagnoses of ADHD in the children were made by child psychiatrists, according to DSM-IV criteria. A form developed by the researchers was completed by receiving information from parents regarding unintentional injury histories of the children, their socio-demographic information, and a family history of psychiatric disorders, developmental problems, and the presence of chronic health conditions. Behavioral problems of the children were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 (CBCL). Results: Of the preschool children diagnosed to have ADHD examined in this study, 19.8% (n=47) had unintentional injuries; 17% (n=8) of the children who experienced unintentional injuries had multiple unintentional injuries; 68.1% of accidents occurred at home and 32.9% occurred outside of the home. The regression analysis conducted in this research revealed that male gender, higher CBCL externalizing scores, and separation of parents were associated with unintentional injuries in preschool children diagnosed to have ADHD. Conclusions:The results of this study indicate that prevention activities for unintentional injuries in children with ADHD should be initiated in the preschool period. Early implementation of protective measures regarding accidents may provide benefits for preschool children diagnosed to have ADHD that extend into adolescence and adulthood.