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    Antimycobacterial activity of luteolin in resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and cytotoxicity on L929 cells
    (Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Aydin, Elif; Gunduz, Meliha Koldemir; Kaymak, Gullu; Sezgin, Ayse Kocak; Daggez, Halime; Renders, Duygu Percin; Yakupogullari, Yusuf
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) bacteria can cause oxidative stress and the production of inflammatory cytokines, creating an environment that enhances tumour formation, progression and metastasis. Epidemiological studies have found a link between lung cancer and tuberculosis (TB), but the cellular mechanism is still unclear. Current treatment involves multiple drugs and a long treatment regimen. The fact that there is a very limited number of anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs against TB, that no antimicrobial has been developed that can treat TB alone, and therefore, if a pathogen with such limited treatment options develops resistance to existing drugs, treatment success is significantly reduced. As a result, it is very important to develop new and alternative drugs against this important pathogen that can shorten the duration of treatment and increase anti-TB immunity during the treatment phase. In this study, we show that Luteolin (LUT), a plant-based flavonoid, exhibits anti-TB activity with a MIC value of 100 mu g/mL when applied alone to control strain and resistant clinical isolates. In addition, a suppressive effect of 6.11 mu g/mL LUT on lung cancer cells, as well as a protective and regulatory effect on the function of the antioxidant system, the activity of oxidative metabolism enzymes and inflammation were shown. Therefore, the use of LUT in conventional antibiotic therapy may provide a means to prevent the development of drug resistance and improve disease outcomes.
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    Identification of Enterococci in MALDI-TOF MS by Comparison with Slanetz and Bartley and Blood Agar Media
    (Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi, 2023) Aydin, Elif; Yener, Ozkan
    Introduction: Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been used frequently in the last decade as a fast and reliable method for the identification of microorganisms. The fact that only one gram-negative selective medium is recommended in this method causes problems in the diagnosis. There is no information in the scientific literature that Slanetz and Bartley (SB) agar used in the study can be used in MALDI-TOF MS to identify bacteria. Materials and Methods: In this study, it was aimed to compare the identification performance of enterococci isolated from drinking-use and lake waters in Van and its surroundings with blood agar by using MALDI-TOF MS method and to develop a simple and fast sample preparation method that increases this performance. For this purpose, 60 mains and 30 lake water samples were examined for six months. Results: The samples were studied by the membrane filtration method. The isolated enterococci were identified by MALDI-TOF MS method with the isolates taken directly from both blood agar and SB medium, which is a selective medium. The same results were obtained in the species determination in both media. According to these results, 35% of the mains water isolates were Enterococcus casseliflavus, 30% Enterococcus faecalis, 26.7% Enterococcus faecium, 6.6% Enterococcus hirae, 1.7% Enterococcus columbae, and 20% of lake water isolates E. casseliflavus, 40% E. faecalis, 36.7% E. faecium, 3.3% E. hirae, E. casseliflavus in mains water and E. faecalis in lake water are the most frequently isolated enterococci species. Conclusion: Determining that it can also be obtained from selective media such as SB agar, for which there is no data on its suitability for mass spectrometric identification, will contribute to the more effective and rapid use of MALDI-TOF MS in microbiology laboratories. In addition, it has been concluded that all the waters examined are exposed to a significant level of microbial contamination and pose a potential danger to public health. It has been revealed that the consumption of these waters may pose a potential health risk for immunocompromised patients and the elderly, as well as children.
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    Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance, integrons and virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolated from drinking water in Van, Turkiye: a cross-sectional study
    (Bmc, 2025) Rakici, Erva; Aydin, Elif; Tanriverdi, Elif Seren; Ozgumus, Osman Birol
    Background Escherichia coli is one of the recommended freshwater indicator organisms for faecal contamination and can be associated with the pool of genes encoding antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular characterisation of antibiotic resistance and to identify the virulence genes in E. coli isolated from drinking water samples collected for the purpose of monitoring microbial drinking water quality. Methods The E. coli isolates (n = 244) from municipal tap water samples collected in Van province in Turkiye over a five-month period in 2018 were examined in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the standard disc diffusion method with 12 antibiotics. Integron content, the resistance genes such as bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M) groups, tetA-E genes, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA, and aac(6')-Ib-cr were screened and the virulence genes (afa, sfa, fimA, hly, iroN, aer, cnf, iutA and pap) were assessed by specific PCRs. The fingerprinting of the isolates harbouring the integron was evaluated using dendogram analysis of the band patterns obtained from the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR. Results Ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were the most common resistances. MAR index of 18.03% of the isolates was greater than 0.2. The two isolates produced ESBL. Thirty seven (15.16%) isolates carried the class 1 or class 2 integrons harboured the gene cassettes such as aadA, sat, estX and unnamed protein gene. Thirty two (21.47%) isolates were found to carry bla(TEM), 5 (3.33%) isolates carried bla(SHV) and 2 (1.3%) isolates carried the bla(CTX-M) group genes. tetA (81.25%) and tetB (91.66%) were present in tetracycline-resistant isolates. qnrS (29.92%), qnrB and aac(6')-Ib-cr (3.84%) were present in the nalidixic acid resistant isolates. Most of the isolates carried the virulence genes such as fimA, iutA, iroN, aer and sfa. Isolates belonged to 65.57% B1, 15.98% A, 9.42% D and 9.01% B2 phylogroups. A statistically significant difference was found between the phylogenetic groups of the isolates and the integron content (p < 0.001). Fingerprinting showed the 25 different phylotypes in four clusters. Conclusions Molecular epidemiological findings in such a five-month period in the 11 sampled districts in the city of Van appearently showed us that the tap waters in public use was continuously contaminated by the antibiotic resistant and virulent E. coli isolates. This could pose a serious public health risk and, thus need the serious precautions for the infrastructures.