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    Comparison of real-time PCR, indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay, and different staining techniques for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii
    (2020) Kustimur, Semra; Durgut, Elif Gozde; Aydin, Merve; Kalkanci, Ayse; Dogruman Al, Funda
    Aim: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii), is an opportunistic infection with a severe progression, often observed in immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis is difficult due to the non-specific clinical and radiological findings. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis of the agent is important in terms of timely implementation of the treatment. In this study, it was aimed to detect P. jirovecii by Giemsa staining, Modified Toluidine Blue O staining (MTolB), indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IIFA) assay, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in clinical samples obtained from patients suspected of having PCP.Material and Methods: Respiratory tract samples (23 oral wash, 19 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and eight induced sputum samples) of 50 patients referred to the Microbiology Laboratory of Gazi University Health Application and Research Hospital with the suspicion of PCP were analyzed. The presence of P. jirovecii in the respiratory tract samples was investigated by Giemsa staining, MTolB staining, IIFA (Pneumocell, Cellabs Pty Ltd, Australia), and real-time PCR (the primers targeting the DHFR gene).Results: Of the 50 samples included in the study, four (8%) with MTolB, five (10%) with Giemsa, seven (14%) with IIFA, and seven (14%) with real-time PCR were positive. When real-time PCR was accepted as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity values were found to be 85.7% and 97.7%, respectively for IIFA, 71.4% and 100%, respectively for Giemsa and 57% and 100%, respectively for MTolB. There was almost perfect agreement between the results of real-time PCR and IIFA (κ=0.92). In the comparison between PCR and cytochemical staining methods, Giemsa had almost perfect agreement with PCR (κ=0.92) and had a higher coefficient compared to MTolB (κ=0.88). Conclusion: It is considered that it would be more beneficial to use IIFA and real-time PCR tests together in the diagnosis of P. jirovecii.
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    Correlation of the radial inclination angle in the distal part of the radius with the volar cortical angle and age-related changes of these angles
    (Military Medical Acad-Ini, 2023) Yazibasi, Husniye Tugba; Pekmez, Hidir; Agir, Ismail; Uckardes, Fatih; Zencirci, Busra; Aydin, Merve
    Background/ Aim. The radial inclination (RI) and volar cortical (VC) angle values used in the treatment of radial distal end fractures may vary depending on factors such as the age and gender of the patient. That raises the question of the compatibility of the standard anatomical plates, which are frequently used in the surgical treatment of these fractures. The aim of the study was to evaluate the VC and RI angles depending on the age and gender of subjects and determine the correlation between these two angles. Methods. A total of 121 individuals (59 females and 62 males) aged 10-65 years were included in the study. The individuals were divided into two groups: a group of 60 adolescents (31 females, 29 males) 10- 20 years old and a group of 61 adults (28 females, 33 males) aged 20-65 years. The subjects were also evaluated between themselves, independently, within each age group. Radiographic images were evaluated by using the 3.0.1.55 version of the KarPacsViewer application. Measurement points were determined, and angles between these points were measured. Statistical analyses were made using the SPSS 15.0 program. Results. When the correlation for 121 individuals was assessed independently of their gender, no statistically significant relationship was found between the RI angle and age (p = 0.616; r = -0.046). A statistically negative (or opposite) relationship was found between the VC angle and age (p < 0.001; r = -0.396). When women and men were compared in terms of the RI and VC angles, no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.958, p = 0.165, respectively). The VC angle decreased as the age increased in females (p = 0.004; r = -0.365), while both the RI and VC angles decreased with increasing age in males (p = 0.032, r = -0.273; p < 0.0001, r = -0.445, respectively). Conclusion. Our findings regarding the RI and VC angles offer an advantage in terms of determining which plate designs are most appropriate for planning surgical procedures and treatment processes.
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    Effects of melatonin treatment on the spermatogenesis and serum inflammatory cytokine levels in diabetic rats
    (2018) Bozkurt, Aliseydi; Karabakan, Mehmet; Aydin, Merve; Gumustas, Sinem; Onk, Didem; Gursul, Cebrail; Erol, Huseyin Serkan
    Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to have side effects on sexual and reproductive functions in males. The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of melatonin treatment on spermatogenesis and serum inflammatory cytokine levels in diabetic rats. Material and Method: Eighteen adult Wistar albino male rats were divided randomly into three groups each containing 6 rats; control group (group 1), diabetic group (group 2), diabetic treated with melatonin group (group 3). Experimental diabetes was obtained by administrating 50 mg/kg streptozotocin. Melatonin treatment was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days at a dose of 20 mg, daily. Serum levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assayed. Spermatogenesis was evaluated according to Johnsen score at immunopathological examination.Results: The Johnsen scores in control, diabetic and treatment groups were 9.78, 8.91, and 9.61, respectively. Spermatogenesis was negatively affected in diabetic rats and significantly improved with melatonin therapy (p0.05). The serum levels of TNF-α in diabetic rats were observed to be increased compared to the control group (p0.05). The levels of serum IL-1β and TNF- α were significantly decreased with melatonin treatment. IL-6 levels were not different among the three groups (p=0.248). Conclusions: In the present study, intraperitoneal melatonin treatment was determined to have a positive effect of on spermatogenesis and caused a decrease in serum inflammatory cytokine levels in diabetic rats.Keywords: Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus; Melatonin; Rats; Spermatogenesis.
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    Investigation of antifungal, antibiofilm and anti-filamentation activities of biocides against Candida isolates
    (2020) Ozturk, Ali; Abdulmajed, Olkar; Aydin, Merve
    Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the antifungal, antibiofilm, and anti-filamentation activities of three commonly used biocides against clinical Candida isolates.Material and Methods: The in vitro activities of benzalkonium chloride (BZC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), and triclosan (TRC) were studied against three Candida (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata) isolates. The isolates were identified, using the germ tube test, Cornmeal agar, and ID32 C (bioMerieux, France) kit. Antifungal susceptibility of these isolates was determined using the broth microdilution method. Antibiofilm activity of biocides were assessed with a colorimetric method based on crystal violet. The effect of biocides on the ability of C. albicans to form hyphae was examined microscopically.Results: The antifungal, antibiofilm, and anti-filamentation activities of biocides used were determined against Candida isolates. Antifungal activities of biocides against Candida isolates ranged from 1–4 µg/ml. The potent fungistatic effect of biocides tested was detected against Candida spp. at 1 µg/ml. All tested biocides showed good antifungal activity against Candida isolates. The results of the antibiofilm activity assay showed that the highest biofilm inhibition ratios were reported in BZC, CHX, and TRC (66%, 60.3%, and 58%, respectively) at 16 and 32 µg/ml. The lowest biofilm inhibition ratios were reported at MIC values for each biocide between 6% and 12%. In addition, the anti-filamentation activity of biocides tested was screened against C. albicans at concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 µg/ml of biocide and the inhibition rates varied from 10% to 59%.Conclusions: Important information has been obtained about the fungistatic/fungicidal, antibiofilm activities, and effects on C. albicans micromorphology of the biocides used in this study.
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    Protective Effect of Pomegranate Juice on Lead Acetate-Induced Liver Toxicity in Male Rats
    (Pera Yayincilik Hizmetleri, 2024) Pekmez, Hidir; Annac, Ebru; Bulmus, Ozgur; Zencirci, Buesra; Aydin, Merve; Aydin, Ali
    Objective: Lead has been reported to cause oxidative stress in liver tissues and cause histopathological changes. Studies have shown that pomegranate juice has antioxidant properties that prevent oxidative stress. In this study, the harmful effects of lead acetate on rat liver tissue and the efficacy of pomegranate juice against these effects were investigated. Methods: 28 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, lead acetate (50 mL/ kg), pomegranate juice (1 mL/kg), and lead acetate + pomegranate juice (50 mL/kg+1 mL/kg). Lead acetate and pomegranate juice were administered orally. Results: When compared with the control group, it was seen that the lead acetate had an increase in the malondialdehyde level and a decrease in reduced Glutathione, Glutathione S-transferase, and Carboxylesterases. Group lead acetate + pomegranate juice had a reduction in malondialdehyde level and an increase in Glutathione, Glutathione S-transferase, and Carboxylesterases compared with the group lead acetate. The lead level of group lead acetate + pomegranate juice decreased compared to the group lead acetate. Cellular degeneration and irregular hepatic cords were observed in group lead acetate's liver tissue, and the negative changes were lost in group lead acetate + pomegranate juice. Conclusion: It was observed that pomegranate juice had a protective effect against liver toxicity caused by lead acetate.