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    Biological rhythm of saliva ghrelin in humans
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2006) Aydin, Suleyman; Ozercan, H. Ibrahim; Aydin, Suna; Ozkan, Yusuf; Dagli, Ferda; Oguzoncul, Ferdane; Geckil, Hikmet
    Background: We previously reported that ghrelin in saliva, orexigenic hormone that induces NPY release, was produced and released by salivary glands in humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible circadian rhythm in saliva ghrelin concentration in human subjects as a function of time and meal. Saliva samples were collected at three-hour intervals throughout a 24-h period in 12 healthy volunteer males and ten healthy volunteer females who were provided with meals on a fixed schedule, and saliva collections were made within 15 minutes after each meal. Saliva ghrelin levels were measured by using a commercial radioimmuno assay (RIA) kit that uses I-125-labeled bioactive ghrelin as a tracer and a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against full-length octanoylated human ghrelin. Immunohistochemical analysis of salivary glands was also performed. The results of this investigation indicated the following. (1) The saliva ghrelin level was slightly higher in female subjects in comparison with male subjects. (2) Saliva ghrelin levels were elevated before each meal and fell to trough levels after eating. (3) Saliva ghrelin levels showed a circadian rhythm that rose throughout the day to a zenith at 0300, then dropped at 0600-0900. (4) Saliva ghrelin also weakly correlated with BMI. (5) Immunohistochemical analysis showed that ghrelin was localized in the striated and excretory ducts of salivary glands of human. The present work is the first report of the circadian rhythm of saliva ghrelin level in human subjects as a function of time and meal. Meal plays an important role in lowering saliva ghrelin concentration in humans. However, present data did not exclude whether the circadian changes in saliva ghrelin expression were regulated by the biological clock or by food intake.
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    Effects of irisin and exercise on adropin and betatrophin in a new metabolic syndrome model
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Aydin, Suna; Kilinc, Faruk; Ugur, Kader; Aydin, Mustafa Ata; Yalcin, Mehmet Hanifi; Kuloglu, Tuncay; Tektemur, Nalan Kaya
    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent public health problem. Uric acid (UA) is increased by MetS. We investigated whether administration of UA and 10% fructose (F) would accelerate MetS formation and we also determined the effects of irisin and exercise. We used seven groups of rats. Group 1 (control); group 2 (sham); group 3 (10% F); group 4 (1% UA); group 5 (2% UA); group 6 (10% F + 1% UA); and Group 7, (10% F + 2% UA). After induction of MetS (groups 3 -7), Group 3 was divided into three subgroups: 3A, no further treatment; 3B, irisin treatment; 3C, irisin treatment + exercise. Group 4, 1% UA, which was divided into three subgroups: 4A, no further treatment; 4B, irisin treatment; 4C, Irisin treatment + exercise. Group 5, 2% UA, which was divided into three subgroups: 5A, no further treatment; 5B, irisin treatment; 5C, irisin treatment + exercise. Group 6, 10% F + 1% UA, which was divided into three subgroups: 6A, no further treatment; 6B, irisin treatment; 6C, irisin treatment + exercise. Group 7, 10% F + 2% UA, which was divided into three subgroups: 7A, no further treatment; 7B, irisin treatment; 7C, irisin treatment + exercise., Irisin was administered 10 ng/kg irisin intraperitoneally on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Sunday each week for 1 month. The exercise animals (in addition to irisin treatment) also were run on a treadmill for 45 min on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Sunday each week for 1 month. The rats were sacrificed and samples of liver, heart, kidney, pancreas, skeletal muscles and blood were obtained. The amounts of adropin (ADR) and betatrophin in the tissue supernatant and blood were measured using an ELISA method. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect ADR and betatrophin expression in situ in tissue samples. The duration of these experiments varied from 3 and 10 weeks. The order of development of MetS was: group 7, 3 weeks; group 6, 4 weeks; group 5, 6 weeks; group 4, 7 weeks; group 3, 10 weeks. Kidney, liver, heart, pancreas and skeletal muscle tissues are sources of adropin and betatrophin. In these tissues and in the circulation, adropin was decreased significantly, while betatrophin was increased significantly due to MetS; irisin + exercise reversed this situation. We found that the best method for creating a MetS model was F + UA2 supplementation. Our method is rapid and simple. Irisin + exercise was best for preventing MetS.
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    Hygiene habits and infection risks of hairdressers and beauty salons employees during applications in different anatomic regions
    (2020) Aydin, Suna; Aksoy, Aziz; Ceylan, Hacer
    Aim: This study; Providing personal care services to the anatomical parts of the body, it offers important information about the risks of hygiene and contamination in hairdressers and beauty salons both for employees and those receiving service.Material and Methods: This descriptive study was planned; It consists of 60(46F+14M) volunteers. 26 hairdressers and beauty salons in Diyarbakır city center and its related districts. Data; It was obtained with questionnaire forms composed of 84 questions. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 Statistics Software.Results: Of the participants, he did not know that 73%(44) was vaccinated against hepatitis B, 15%(9) was not vaccinated, while others did not. The majority of the participants had sufficient knowledge about the transmission of hair-breaking disease. It was observed that 20%-30% of the participants did not have sufficient information about the transmission routes of diseases such as Hepatitis B, C, HIV. Participants; 38.3%(23) of them wash their hands after each customer, 50%(30) of them use separate towels for each customer, 51.7%(31) when cutting hair, 41.7%(25) continuous apron while waxing 63.3%(38) stated that they wear gloves continuously for each customer. Only those using UV for sterilization of instruments were found to be 26.7%(16). Participants generally used to disinfect the bottom by using disinfectants rather than sterilization.Conclusion: Participants' wearing aprons, gloves and protectors, washing their hands after each customer, their efforts to protect from infectious diseases, their knowledge of sterilization techniques were not sufficient for all service locations. It is obvious that poor infection control procedures and hygienic practices, including cleaning and disinfection, will present a risk of infection among customers. Infection risks for places that provide personal care are not well defined. Specific infection control practices should be performed by environmental health physicians.