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    Chemical composition, and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity properties of Silene latifolia
    (Springer International Publishing, 2026) Gökkaya, İçim; Hepokur, Ceylan; Aykaç, Okan; Ulama, Sena Nur; Bal, Halil; Cakir, Oğuz; Tarhan, Abbas
    Silene species have various pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and cytotoxic activities. This study assessed the antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities and the chemical profile of crude methanol extract and sub-extracts prepared from the aerial parts of Silene latifolia for the first time. After a 24-h incubation, the methanol extract exhibited the highest activity against MCF-7 cancer cell line (IC50: 19.25 ± 0.05 µg/mL), whereas the water sub-extract showed the greatest activity against MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line (IC50: 15.20 ± 0.47 µg/mL). After a 48-h incubation, the extracts having the strongest cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were the water sub-extract (IC50: 14.52 ± 0.86 µg/mL) and the methanol crude extract (IC50: 12.08 ± 0.78 µg/mL), respectively. The methanol extract exhibited the most potent radical-scavenging activity, enhancing total antioxidant status and reducing total oxidant status. The extracts had no antibacterial or antifungal activity against the tested microorganisms. GC–MS analysis revealed that oleic acid, elaidic acid, palmitic acid, and their derivatives were abundant in sub-extracts. The LC–MS/MS analysis demonstrated that the water sub-extract included fumaric acid, quinic acid, aconitic acid, acacetin, and luteolin. This study highlighted that S. latifolia exhibited high antioxidant activity, and that it had a potent cytotoxic effect against breast cancer cells with a high selectivity index. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Società Botanica Italiana onlus 2026.