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    The effects of abdominal and bimanual pelvic examination and transvaginal ultrasonography on serum CA-125 levels
    (2000) Sari R.; Buyukberber S.; Sevinc A.; Ates M.; Balat O.; Hascalik S.; Turk M.
    The need for the early detection of ovarian cancer continues to be one of the most important issues in women's health care. The three most extensively evaluated screening methods for ovarian cancer are pelvic examination, transvaginal ultrasonography, and serum CA-125 levels. The answers to questions such as should the levels of CA-125 be measured before bimanual pelvic examination or transvaginal ultrasonography or do abdominal examinations effect the levels of CA-125 are obscure. Fifty-four otherwise healthy female volunteers at the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle complaining of vaginal candidiasis were divided into 3 groups. Abdominal (group 1), bimanual pelvic (group 2), and transvaginal ultrasonography (group 3) examination was performed and serum CA-125 levels were evaluated prior to examination and 10 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours after the examination. As a result, serum CA-125 levels (U/ml) were found to be 8.13 ± 4.76, 8.23 ± 5.05, 8.32 ± 4.88, and 8.33 ± 4.94 in the group of abdominal examination, respectively, 8.23 ± 4.89, 8.45 ± 5.15, 8.77 ± 4.96, and 8.79 ± 5.50 in the group of bimanual pelvic examination, respectively, and 8.19 ± 4.56, 8.30 ± 5.10, 8.81 ± 5.56, and 8.88 ± 5.71 in the group of transvaginal ultrasonography, respectively. The serum CA-125 levels detected prior to examinations were statistically insignificant when compared with the results obtained at 10 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours later in all three groups. We concluded that physical examination, either abdominal or pelvic, and transvaginal ultrasonography do not change the serum levels of CA-125.
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    Malon dialdehyde, nitrite and adrenomedullin levels in patients with premenstrual syndrome
    (2007) Balat O.; Dikensoy E.; Ugur M.G.; Atmaca R.; Cekmen M.; Yurekli M.
    Objective: To assess the levels of malon dialdehyde (MDA); a lipid peroxide product, total nitrite; a stabile product of nitric oxide (NO), and adrenomedulin (AM), to determine whether their levels are altered in premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and to search for their possible pathophysiological role in this peculiar syndrome. Study design: Twenty-one patients aged between 28 and 37 years, who had regular menses for at least six previous cycles, and were in general good health condition, were taken into the study. Blood samples were obtained from each patient at the 3rd and 21st day of their menstrual cycles. AM, nitrite, MDA and estradiol levels have been assessed in these samples for each patient. Results: No statistically significant difference in terms of age, parity and body mass index was detected among groups (P > 0.05). Nitric oxide levels were higher on the 3rd day, compared to 21st day in the study group, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the study group, 21st day AM levels were significantly higher when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Even though various stress symptoms are present in PMS, there is no change in the levels of MDA, an oxidative distress indicator but AM and NO may have a pathophysiological role on this enigmatic disease. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.
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    Sarcoma botryoides of the uterine endocervix: Long-term results of conservative surgery
    (1996) Balat O.; Balat A.; Verschraegen C.; Tornos C.; Edwards C.L.
    Sarcoma botryoides, a variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, is the most common neoplasm of the lower genital tract in girls under 16 years of age. This neoplasm more frequently has a vaginal location in patients younger than 4 years, whereas a cervical location has its peak incidence in the second decade. Although the recommended therapy has been radical surgery alone or combined with other modalities, the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has changed the surgical approach to one employing a less radical procedure such as a simple hysterectomy or local excision. We present the case of a 12-year-old girl diagnosed with an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the endocervix who received vincristine-Adriamycin-cyclophosphamide combination chemotherapy followed by a simple hysterectomy. The patient exhibits no evidence of disease 8 years after the initial diagnosis.