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Öğe Carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity and protective effect of betaine in Sprague-Dawley rats(Elsevier Science Inc, 2003) Ozturk, F; Ucar, M; Ozturk, IC; Vardi, N; Batcioglu, KObjectives. To observe the changes in the antioxidative defense enzymes and to detect the alterations of renal microscopy after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration in rats and to investigate the possible protective effects of betaine against CCl4-induced renal damage. Methods. Thirty-two adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups as follows: control group, betaine group, CCl4 group, and CCl4 + betaine group. CCl4 was given subcutaneously at 1 mL/kg. In the CCl4 + betaine group, rats were pretreated with betaine, then exposed to CCl4 at the same dose. Betaine group rats received concentrated betaine solution. The rats were killed and the kidneys taken for enzyme analyses and histologic examination. Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were measured in right kidney homogenates. Left kidneys were processed for light microscopic evaluation. Results. In the CCl4-treated group, significant increases in kidney superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity were observed (P < 0.01). These changes were found to be normalized in the CCl4 + betaine group. Betaine did not change the enzyme activities. Exposure to CCl4 resulted in glomerular and tubular alterations in the renal cortex. These alterations were found to be prevented by betaine pretreatment. Conclusions. These results indicate that exposure to CCl4 leads to renal damage in rats and betaine exerts an improvement on nephrotoxic effects of CCl4.Öğe Comparison of chemopreventive effects of Vitamin E plus selenium versus melatonin in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene-induced mouse brain damage(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2004) Batcioglu, K; Karagözler, AA; Ozturk, IC; Genc, M; Bay, A; Ozturk, F; Aydogdu, NIn this work, the protective effect of Vitamin E plus selenium (Vit E + Se) and melatonin against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (7,12DMBA)-induced changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), catalase (CAT) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities and malonedialdehyde (MDA) levels of mouse brain were compared. 12-month old mice were divided into four groups each including 10 animals. The first group served as control group. The second group was treated with 7,12-DMBA (20 mg/(kg day)). The third group was treated with 7,12-DMBA and Vitamin E (90 mu g/(individual day)) and selenium (1.8 mu g/(individual day)) simultaneously. The fourth group was treated with 7, 12-DMBA and melatonin (4.2 mg/(kg day)) simultaneously. Treatment continued for 21 days after which the mice were sacrificed and brain homogenates were prepared. 7,12-DMBA treated group exhibited significantly decreased levels of brain SOD, GSHPx, CAT and CA activities and increased MDA levels as compared to control. Vitamin E + Se fully or partially restored enzyme inhibition except for SOD. Lipid peroxidation was also reduced in Vitamin E + Se treated group. Melatonin provided a better protection for SOD, GSHPx and CAT, and a plausible protection for CA activity. Protection against lipid peroxidation measured as MDA in melatonin treated group was appreciable although slightly lesser than the protection provided by Vitamin E + Se. The results imply that Vitamin E + Se and melatonin both provide chemoprevention against 7,12-DMBA-induced oxidative stress in mouse brain. (c) 2004 International Society for Preventive Oncology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Comparison of the chemopreventive potentials of melatonin and vitamin E plus selenium on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced inhibition of mouse liver antioxidant enzymes(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002) Batcioglu, K; Karagözler, AA; Genç, M; Çelik, SChemoprevention is a rapidly growing area of oncology that is identifying agents with a potentially preventive role in cancer. In this study, it was our goal to compare the chemopreventive effects of vitamin E plus selenium, and melatonin. Forty female mice were divided into four equal groups. The first group served as control. The second group had i.p. injections of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) (20 mg/kg body weight) in corn oil for 21 days. The third group had the same procedure of DMBA injections as the second group and received vitamin E + selenium (90 mug + 1.8 mug/day), simultaneously. The fourth group had DMBA injections and melatonin (4.2 mg/kg body weight), simultaneously. DMBA alone caused significant inhibition of hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the second group. In the third group, vitamin E + selenium restored DMBA-induced GSHPx inhibition significantly whereas CAT and SOD inhibition remained essentially unchanged. In the fourth group, melatonin not only significantly decreased DMBA-induced GSHPx inhibition but also fully reversed CAT and SOD inhibitions caused by DMBA. We speculate that melatonin alone provides better chemoprevention against DMBA-induced oxidative stress than the vitamin E + selenium combination. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.Öğe Comparison of the selenium level with GSH-Px activity in the liver of mice treated with 7,12 DMBA(Wiley, 2002) Batcioglu, K; Ozturk, C; Karagozler, A; Karatas, FIn this study, the relationship between selenium (Se) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels was investigated in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (7,12-DMBA)-treated mouse liver. The potential mammary carcinogen 7,12-DMBA, was injected intraperitoneally (20 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) into 10-12 month old female mice. After 21 days of application the mice were sacrificed and GSHPx and Se levels of Liver homogenates were measured. Se and GSHPx levels in 7,12-DMBA-treated mice were significantly lower than those of controls (p<0.05). The control group exhibited 0.9 +/- 0.066 U mg(-1) protein and 0.86 +/- 0.058 p.p.m. levels of GSHPx and Se respectively. The 7,12-DMBA-treated group had significantly (p<0.05) decreased GSHPx and Se levels (0.42+/-0.062 U mg(-1) protein and 0.69+/-0.034 p.p.m. respectively). The results show a direct relationship between Se and GSHPx activity and a negative correlation between antioxidant capacity and existence of a carcinogen in metabolism. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.Öğe Effect of combined treatment with melatonin and methylprednisolone on neurological recovery after experimental spinal cord injury(Springer, 2004) Cayli, SR; Kocak, A; Yilmaz, U; Tekiner, A; Erbil, M; Ozturk, C; Batcioglu, KSpinal cord injury (SCI) results in the loss of function below the lesion. Secondary injury following the primary impact includes a number of biochemical and cellular alterations leading to tissue necrosis and cell death. Methylprednisolone (NIP), by reducing edema and protecting the cell membrane against peroxidation, is the only pharmacological agent with a proven clinically beneficial effect on SCI. Melatonin, known as a free radical scavenger, has been shown to have an effect on lipid peroxidation following experimental SCI. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of MP and melatonin on neurological, ultrastructural, and electrophysiological recovery. Female albino rats weighing 200-250 g were randomized into five groups of 18 rats each and six rats for the control group. Weight-drop trauma was performed for each group and a 30-mg/kg single dose of NIP for rats in group 1, a 10-mg/kg single dose of melatonin for rats in group 2, and MP and melatonin in the same doses for rats in group 3 were administered immediately after trauma. The rats in group 4 were the vehicle group (treated with ethanol) and group 5 was the trauma group. The motor and somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded at the 4th hour, the 24th hour, and on the 10th day of the study for six rats in each group. Posttraumatic neurological recovery was recorded for 10 days using motor function score and inclined plane test. After electrophysiological study the rats were terminated for an analysis of lipid peroxidation level of the injured site of the spinal cord. Electron microscopic studies were performed to determine the effects of melatonin, MP, and the combined treatment with MP and melatonin on axons, neurons, myelin, nucleus, and intracytoplasmic edema. The groups treated with MP, melatonin, and a combination of both had significantly enhanced electrophysiological, biochemical, and neurological recovery and also showed better ultrastructural findings than the trauma and vehicle groups. Although combined treatment was significantly more effective on lipid peroxidation than melatonin or MP treatments alone, at the 10th day, neurobehavioral, electrophysiological, and ultrastructural recovery were at the same level. In conclusion, MP, melatonin, and MP and melatonin combined treatment modalities improved functional recovery at the same level. Future studies involving different doses of melatonin and different dose combinations with MP could promise better results since each drug has a different anti-oxidative mechanism of action.Öğe Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats(Wiley, 2004) Aydogdu, N; Atmaca, G; Yalcin, O; Batcioglu, K; Kaymak, K1. Free radicals and nitric oxide (NO) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of myoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARE). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an anti-oxidant, on the myoglobinuric ARF induced by intramusculer hypertonic glycerol injection. 2. Thirty rats were divided equally into three groups. Rats in group I were given saline and those in groups 2 and 3 were injected with glycerol (10 mL/kg, i.m.). Concomitant and 24 It after glycerol injection, CAPE (10 mumol/kg, i.p.) was administered to group 3 rats. Forty-eight hours after glycerol injection, blood samples and kidney tissues of rats were taken under anaesthesia. 3. Plasma concentrations of urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO were determined, as were superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and MDA levels in kidney tissues. Kidney morphology was also investigated. 4. In the group receiving CAPE, although SOD enzyme activity was found to be increased, we failed to find any protective effect of CAPE on other parameters investigated. Moreover, although CAPE significantly decreased NO levels, it increased plasma concentrations of urea and MDA. 5. We suggest that the effect of CAPE in decreasing NO concentrations may further increase the renal ischaemia in this model. Thus, CAPE may have a worsening rather than beneficial effect under these conditions in this model of ARF.Öğe Effects of exogenous melatonin on myoglobinuric acute renal failure in the rats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2004) Aydogdu, N; Atmaca, G; Yalcin, O; Batcioglu, K; Kaymak, KFree oxygen radicals and nitric oxide (NO) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of myoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin, a potent free radical scavenger, on the myoglobinuric ARF formed by injecting hypertonic glycerol intramuscularly (im). The rats were randomly divided into 4 Groups. Rats in Group 1 were given saline and those in Groups 2, 3, and 4 were injected with glycerol (10 mL/kg) im. Concomitant and 24 hours after glycerol injection Group 3 (5 mg/kg) and Group 4 (10 mg/kg) were administrated melatonin intraperitoneally. Forty-eight hours after the glycerol injection, the blood and kidneys of the rats were taken under anesthesia. Kidney morphology and the levels of urea, creatinine and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) in the plasma and the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidney were determined. In both groups of melatonin administration, there was no protective effect of melatonin. Moreover, melatonin significantly decreased the level of NO. As a result, we suggest that the decreasing effect of melatonin on NO, which is a strong vasodilatator, may further increase the renal ischemia in this model. Thus, melatonin may have worsening rather than beneficial effects on myoglobinuric ARF.Öğe Investigation of the relationship between nitric oxide metabolites' levels and adenosine deaminase activity in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse liver(Wiley, 2002) Ozturk, IC; Batcioglu, K7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (7,12DMBA) is a member of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with a severe carcinogenic effect. In this study, nitrate levels and ADA (Adenosine deaminase) activity in the liver homogenates of mice were measured and the effect of free radicals induced by 7,12-DMBA on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and ADA activity were investigated. Antioxidant effects of melatonin were also compared. Three groups of mice were included in the study. The first served as control, the second was treated only with 7,12-DMBA and the third was treated with 7,12-DMBA+melatonin. Spectrophotometric methods were used at all measurements. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis Variance Analysis Test and Mann-Whitney U Test that were applied to the groups. The nitrate concentrations of mouse liver were as follows: 4.98 +/- 0.63 mumol/L in the control group (n = 10), 8.23 +/- 1.58 mumol/L (higher than control group, p < 0.05) in the 7,12-DMBA-treated group (n = 10), and 6.43 +/- 0.57 mumol/L (lower than 7,12-DMBA-treated group, p < 0.05) in the 7,12-DMBA+melatonintreated group (n = 10). Liver ADA activities were measured to be 4.14 +/- 0.674 U/L in the control group, 6.25 +/- 1.261 U/L (higher than control group, p < 0.05) in the 7,12-DMBA-treated group, and 4.93 +/- 0.916 U/L (lower than 7,12-DMBA-treated group, p < 0.05) in the 7,12-DMBA+melatonin-treated group. Differences between free nitrite levels were no significantly. Results demonstrated that nitrate levels and ADA activities were increased by means of free radicals induced by 7,12-DMBA. Melatonin inhibited the 7,12DMBA induced increase that was observed in the activities of ADA enzyme and nitrate levels. It is concluded that determination of ADA activity and nitrate levels can be useful in the assesment of liver damage caused by toxic chemicals. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe The levels of plasma and salivary antioxidants in the patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis(Wiley, 2005) Karincaoglu, Y; Batcioglu, K; Erdem, T; Esrefoglu, M; Genc, MBACKGROUND: Despite plenty of research, the cause of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) remains obscure. It has been proposed that, the aetiological factors such as local trauma, smoking, vitamin deficiencies and viral infections lead to aphthae formation via final common pathway based on increased oxidative stress. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) alterations in plasma and saliva, and in addition uric acid (UA) in saliva, in patients with RAS and healthy controls. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with RAS and 30 healthy controls were included into the study. The SOD, CAT, GSHPx and UA levels were measured in plasma and saliva in study and control groups. RESULTS: In the RAS group, although the mean SOD (P < 0.001) and CAT (P < 0.05) levels of plasma were lower, GSHPx (P < 0.001) levels were higher than control group. The salivary concentrations of the SOD (P < 0.001), CAT (P < 0.05) and GSHPx (P < 0.001) in RAS group were entirely opposite to plasma concentrations. UA were not significant between RAS group and controls. CONCLUSION: Since we found salivary SOD and CAT levels were high whereas plasma levels were low, it has been thought that, salivary defence mechanisms via antioxidant agents may be stimulated against to the ulcerous lesion. We consider that the organism might mobilize the antioxidant potential to the sites where they were needed. At this point, decrease of SOD and CAT levels in the plasma may be related to this shift. It is also thought that GSHPx secretion in the saliva may also be increased but the increase in its turnover may be responsible for the diminished activity.Öğe Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in stomach cancer(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2006) Batcioglu, K; Mehmet, N; Ozturk, IC; Yilmaz, M; Aydogdu, N; Erguvan, R; Uyumlu, BBackground: Considerable evidences have linked oxidative damage and cancer. In this article, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide metabolites' levels (NOx) were investigated in patients with stomach cancer. Methods: All measurments were done by spectrophotometric techniques. Results: We observed a significant decrease in the activities of SOD and CAT in tumour tissues when compared with control tissues. The different of GSHPx activities and NO metabolite' levels were not statistically significant. MDA levels were significantly increased. Conclusions: We conclude that increased MDA levels and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities can be valuable parameters in assessing the possible risk of cancer.Öğe The possible substrate inhibition of epidermal phenylalanine hydroxylase in vitiligo: a new pathogenetic approach(Churchill Livingstone, 2004) Batcioglu, K; Hazneci, E[Abstract Not Available]
