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Öğe Determination of copper and zinc levels of hydatid cyst fluids in liver, lung and spleen of cattle and sheep(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2006) Küçükbay, FZ; Bayraktar, M; Bayraktar, N; Durmaz, RThis study was undertaken to investigate the copper and zinc levels of hydatid cyst fluids in liver, lung, and spleen of infected cattle and sheep in the Malatya region. The copper and zinc values were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Copper average levels of hydatid cyst fluids in liver, lung and spleen of cattle were found to be 1.944 +/- 0.372 mu g/dL, 1.272 +/- 0.469 mu g/dL and 2.234 +/- 0.932 mu g/dL, respectively, and that of zinc 0.312 +/- 0.147 mu g/dL, 1.112 +/- 1.035 mu g/dL and 0.886 +/- 0.405 mu g/dL. Average copper levels of hydatid cyst fluids in liver and lung of sheep were found to be 2.542 +/- 0.352 mu g/dL and 1.552 +/- 0.558 mu g/dL, respectively, whereas those of zinc were found to be 0.747 +/- 0.151 mu g/dL and 1.220 +/- 0.379 mu g/dL. Copper and zinc levels of hydatid cyst fluid were higher in sheep organs than in corresponding cattle organs.Öğe Effects of polyenylphosphatidylcholine on cytokines, nitrite/nitrate levels, antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in rats with sepsis(Springer, 2004) Demirbilek, S; Ersoy, MÖ; Demirbilek, S; Karaman, A; Bayraktar, M; Bayraktar, NObjectives: To determine the effect of pretreatment with polyenylphosphatidylcholine ( lecithin, PPC) on plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor ( TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, total nitrite/nitrate (NOx), and tissue levels of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in septic rats. Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled animal study. Setting: University laboratory. Subjects: Forty-five Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: group C, sham-operated; group S, sepsis; and group P, sepsis pretreated with PPC. Interventions: Rats were made septic by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Group P rats were treated with PPC ( 100 mg/day orally) for 10 days before sepsis. Twenty-four hours later CLP, plasma concentrations of TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-10 and plasma levels of NOx were measured. SOD and MDA were determined in liver, lung and heart homogenates. Measurements and main results: All rats in group P survived during the 24-h observation time after CLP, whereas survival rate in group S was 66.7% (10/15; P< 0.05). PPC significantly reduced plasma levels of TNF-alpha (P= 0.006), IL-6 ( P= 0.007), IL-10 ( P= 0.016), NOx ( P< 0.001), and tissue levels of MDA ( P< 0.001) in group P with respect to in group S. Tissue levels of SOD significantly increased in group P when compared with group S ( P< 0.001). Conclusions: These results show that PPC pretreatment exerts cumulative effects in decreasing the levels of cytokines, NOx, and tissue MDA concentrations, with a concomitant increase in survival in septic rats. Lecithin therapy may be a useful adjuvant therapy in controlling of the excessive production of the inflammatory cytokines in patients with severe sepsis. Descriptor: SIRS/sepsis, experimental studies.Öğe Legionnaire's disease: a nosocomial outbreak in Turkey(W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2006) Ozerol, IH; Bayraktar, M; Cizmeci, Z; Durmaz, R; Akbas, E; Yildirim, Z; Yologlu, SSix nosocomial. cases of Legionella pneumophila occurred over a two-week period, with one further case being diagnosed retrospectively after 30 days. Strains isolated from the hospital water system were clonally related to a single sputum isolate. A sero-epidemio logical investigation into legionella exposure amongst staff and inpatients was undertaken at the eight-year-old Inonu University Medical Centre in Turkey, which has 600 beds and central air conditioning. There is no disinfection programme for the hospital water system. A total of 500 serum samples (400 hospital staff and 100 inpatients) were screened for antibody to L. pneumophila by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seroreactive cases were confirmed by a four-fold antibody rise in ELISA, a high indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) antibody titre or a positive urinary antigen test. ELISA showed that 24 (6%) of the 400 hospital staff and seven (7%) of the 100 inpatients had antibody titres higher than the cut-off value. ELISA-seroreactive cases were followed for two to four weeks. Of these subjects, seven (three patients and four staff) showed a four-fold rise in antibody titre by ELISA, six (three patients and three staff) had a high IFA titre, three patients with pneumonia had a positive urinary antigen test, and one of these patients also had a positive sputum culture. In addition, 22 water distribution systems were screened for the presence of L. pneumophila by culture. L. pneumophila was isolated from 15 sites. Pulsed-field get electrophoresis typing indicated that all strains isolated from water systems were identical and clonally related to the strain isolated from sputum. Superheating and flushing of water systems were undertaken with Legionella being re-isolated from four sites. Repeated superheating and flushing eliminated legionella completely. This study demonstrated that rapid detection of L. pneumophila and adequate superheating and flushing of water systems are effective for elimination and reduction of spread of this organism. (c) 2005 The Hospital Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Prevalence of group A streptococcal carriers in asymptomatic children and clonal relatedness among isolates in Malatya, Turkey(Amer Soc Microbiology, 2003) Durmaz, R; Durmaz, B; Bayraktar, M; Ozerol, IH; Kalcioglu, MT; Aktas, E; Cizmeci, ZIn our study, the prevalence of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pyogenes was 130 (14.3%) of 909 healthy children. Isolates were found to be susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and arbitrarily primed PCR revealed that 34 (32.4%) of the 105 isolates and 41 (40.6%) of the 101 isolates typed, respectively, were clonally indistinguishable.Öğe Small-dose capsaicin reduces systemic inflammatory responses in septic rats(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004) Demirbilek, S; Ersoy, MO; Demirbilek, S; Karaman, A; Gürbüz, N; Bayraktar, N; Bayraktar, MWe investigated the influence of small- and large-dose capsaicin in modulating systemic inflammatory responses during different stages of sepsis in rats. Rats were divided into six groups: group C, control; group S, sepsis; group CLC, small dose of capsaicin (1 mg/kg subcutaneously); group SLC, small dose of capsaicin plus sepsis; group CHC, large dose of capsaicin (150 mg/kg subcutaneously); group SHC, large dose of capsaicin plus sepsis. Rats were made septic by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups. The animals were killed at 9 or 18 h after CLP. Plasma concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and total nitrite/nitrate (NOx) were measured. Superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in liver, lung, and heart tissues. CGRP was increased in groups S, CLC, and SLC when compared with the other groups. In the SLC group, plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-6, NOx, and tissue MDA levels were reduced and IL-10 level was increased when compared with groups S and SHC 18 h after CLP (P < 0.05). Small-dose capsaicin treatment increased antiinflammatory IL-10 levels and attenuated the increases in proinflammatory cytokines, NOx, and tissue MDA in septic rats.
