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    In-vitro assessment of temperature rise in the pulp during orthodontic bonding
    (Mosby-Elsevier, 2010) Malkoc, Siddik; Uysal, Tancan; Usumez, Serdar; Isman, Eren; Baysal, Asli
    Introduction: In this in-vitro study, we evaluated the temperature changes in the pulp chamber during bracket bonding using 4 different light sources. Methods: Eighty intact extracted maxillary central incisors were used. The teeth were divided into 4 groups of 20 teeth each. Brackets (Mini Twin, Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany) were bonded with Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) adhesive and light cured with low-intensity halogen light for 40 seconds, high-intensity halogen light for 40 seconds, light-emitting diode (LED) light for 20 seconds, and plasma arc light (PAC) for 6 seconds. Light curing was performed 5 mm from tooth surfaces. A J-type thermocouple wire was positioned in the center of the pulp chamber. The results were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey HSD test. Results: ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test showed that pulp chamber temperature changes were influenced by the type of light source. All groups showed significant differences between each other (P <0.001). The intrapulpal temperature changes induced by different light sources were the following: high-intensity halogen (6.84 degrees C +/- 2.44 degrees C), low-intensity halogen (4.71 degrees C +/- 0.96 degrees C), LED (2.95 degrees C +/- 1.12 degrees C), and PAC (0.96 degrees C +/- 0.83 degrees C). Conclusions: High-and low-intensity halogen light induced significantly higher intrapulpal temperature changes than did the LED and PAC. Except for the high intensity halogen light, orthodontic bonding with light-curing units did not exceed the critical 5.5 degrees C rise in temperature reported to produce pulpal damage. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010; 137: 379-83)