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    Effects of sleep disorders and 25-OH vitamin D levels on HbA1c levels in geriatric type 2 diabetic patients
    (Scientific Publishers of India, 2016) Keskin A.; Bilge U.; Ünalacak M.; Kılıç S.; Yildiz P.; Selçuk E.B.; Bilgin M.
    Introduction: Sleep disorders and insufficient vitamin D levels can impair control of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sleep disorders by using Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and by comparing them with a control group, and to investigate the possible relationship among sleep disorders, scores, 25-OH Vitamin D levels (25VD) and HbA1C levels. Materials and method: This study was conducted in type 2 diabetic patients who attended to the family medicine outpatient clinic for routine controls. One hundred and six geriatric patients having type 2 diabetes were included in the study, and simultaneously selected 102 adult age group patients were taken as controls. Blood analyses for routine diabetes control parameters (HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile) were performed. Target value for HbA1C was accepted as below %7. Demographic form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used as the data collection instruments. Results: There are significant differences in PSQI and ESS scores between adult and geriatric diabetic patients (6.16 ± 3.62 vs 6.96 ± 3.42, p=0.070 and 7.84 ± 5.37, p <0.001, respectively). 25VD levels were found as 22.40 ± 13.85 ng/ml in the adult group, 18.65 ± 14.17 ng/ml in the geriatric group. There is a significant difference between the groups in terms of vitamin D levels (p=0.007). Epworth categories were found to have an effect on HbA1c levels in geriatric patients. Changes in levels of ESS scores were found to be related with 4.784 fold increase in HbA1c levels. Vitamin D levels and ESS scores have major effects on HbA1C levels in elderly population (p=0.007, 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: In elderly patients, low 25VD levels and daytime sleepiness are associated with abnormal HbA1c levels. These results are important indicators of roles of sleep quality and VD deficiency in glycemic control for elderly patients. In elderly diabetic patients, with difficult blood glucose regulation, sleep problems and VD deficiency must be considered. © 2016, Scientific Publishers of India. All rights reserved.
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    Sleep disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Does vitamin d have roles on sleep disorders and metabolic parameters?
    (Scientific Publishers of India, 2017) Öztaş D.; Bilge U.; Keskin A.; Yildiz P.; Kiliç S.; Selçuk E.B.; Bilgin M.
    Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of Vitamin D (VD) insufficiency, and sleep disorders and to determine the effects of VD on diabetic parameters (fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid parameters) with sleep disorders in a diabetic population. Materials and methods: This study was performed on data gathered from patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) referred to outpatient clinics of family medicine between May and October 2014. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Berlin Questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to determine the frequency of sleep disorders and 25OH VD levels were obtained. Results: A total of 452 subjects (148 males, 304 females and mean age of 56.19 ± 11.98 y) with type 2 diabetes mellitus were admitted to study. Patients who were having insulin therapy had significantly lower 25VD levels, in comparison with other diabetic patients. 25VD levels were significantly low in the group, in which HbA1C levels were over the target value of 6.5%. We found negative and significant correlations between 25VD levels and Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores. According to BQ results, 25VD levels were significantly low in “high risk” group. Conclusion: Vitamin D plays an important role in metabolic control of type 2 DM and effects sleep quality in such population. Having vitamin D deficiency or sleep disorder can negatively affect the metabolic control of DM and when such disorders come together in diabetic population. Its negative effect can be more powerful than expected. © 2018, Scientific Publishers of India. All rights reserved.