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    Antimicrobial activities of bis-(N-alkylbenzimidazole)-cobalt(II) and zinc (II) complexes
    (Elsevier, 2023) Sahin, Neslihan; Ustuen, Elvan; Ozdemir, Ilknur; Gunal, Selami; Ozdemir, Namik; Bulbul, Hakan; Gurbuz, Nevin
    Eight benzimidazole precursors (L), namely 1-allyl-benzimidazole, 1-methallyl-benzimidazole, 1-isopropyl-benzimidazole, 1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl-benzimidazole, 1-allyl-5,6-dimethyl-benzimidazole, 1-methallyl-5,6dimethyl-benzimidazole, 1-isopropyl-5,6-dimethyl-benzimidazole and 1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl-5,6dimethyl-benzimidazole, were coordinated to cobalt(II) and zinc(II) cations to form complexes of the type [MCl2L2]. Single-crystal X-ray structures were determined for two cobalt(II) and for one zinc(II) complexes and confirmed their tetrahedral molecular geometry. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these two series of cobalt(II) and zinc(II) complexes were studied against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae), Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) bacteria and fungal strains (Candida albicans and Candida glabrata). Overall, cobalt(II) complexes were more effective than the zinc(II) complexes against all microorganisms. The most significant results were obtained with the two dichloro-bis(1-allyl-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole)-cobalt(II) and dichloro-bis(1-methallyl-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole)-cobalt(II) complexes against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata fungi with measured minimal inhibitory concentrations as low as 0.024 mu mol/mL, values close to those obtained with the commercially available drug Flucanozole (0.020 mu mol/mL).
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    Synthesis of palladium complexes containing benzimidazole core and their catalytic activities in direct arylation of heteroaromatic species
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Seker, Sema; Ulu, Oznur Dogan; Gurbuz, Nevin; Ozdemir, Namik; Ozdemir, Ismail; Bulbul, Hakan
    Herein, we report the synthesis of four new palladium complexes containing a benzimidazole core and examine their catalytic activities in the direct arylation of heteroaromatic species with aryl bromides. The complexes were characterized by H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. In the C-13 NMR spectra, NCHN peaks of Pd(II) complexes were observed between 143.2 and 144.9 ppm. Also, the structure of 2b was determined by single-crystal XRD analysis. The obtained data suggest that the lengths of the Pd-N and Pd-Cl bonds are like those of previous Pd complexes. Direct arylation reactions, using KOAc as base and DMAc as solvent under inert conditions, were carried out with the synthesized complexes in the presence of various aryl bromides, and 2-acetylthiophene, 2-furaldehyde, and 1-methylpyrole-2-carboxaldehyde. Moderate to high yields were obtained under 1% mol catalyst loading conditions. The results showed that electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents on the aryl halides may produce coupling products in good yields in the presence of 2a-d. These findings contribute to the synthesis and design of palladium complexes containing benzimidazole cores.