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Öğe 8 Kanallı Sıcaklık Ölçüm sistemi Dizaynı ve uygulamaları(Makine Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi (elektronik), 2016) Bulut, Fatih; Altın, SerdarÖz: Bu çalışmada farklı sıcaklık birimlerinde gerçek zamanlı ve SD karta veri kaydetme özelliği olan ve 8 farklı sıcaklık sensor girişi bulunan bir sıcaklık kontrolcüsü geliştirilmiştir. Sıcaklık verisinin elde edilmesinde MAX31855K entegresi kullanılmış ve 8 ayrı kanalın aynı anda elde edilmesinde kullanan KTA-259v4 Thermocouple Multiplexer Shield kullanılarak mikroişlemci yardımı ile aynı anda 8 farklı sıcaklık okuması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretilen cihazın sanayinin birçok noktasında uygulamalarının mevcut olması yanında bir blok üzerinde ısı dağılımının değişimi üzerine bir uygulama yapılmıştır. Bir metal blok belirli bir noktasal bölgeden ısıtılarak metal yüzey boyunca ısı dağılımın haritalaması elde edilmiştir. Özellike ısı değişimine hassas olan uygulamalarda cihazın kullanılabilirliği test edilmiş ve ümit vadedici sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Başlık (İngilizce): Design And Applications of 8-Channels Temperature Measurement System Öz (İngilizce): In this study, we design a temperature controller that has the ability to measure different temperature values in real time and save the data in an SD card also which has 8 different temperature sensors. To get the temperature values MAX31855K microchip is used and KTA-259v4 Thermocouple Multiplexer Shield is used to read 8 temperature values at the same time with the help of a microprocessor. The designed instrument has various applications in industry also an application about a temperature distribution change on a block is made. A metal block is heated at specific points and its temperature distribution is mapped over a metal surface. The utility of the instrument is tested with the applications which are sensitive to temperature change and promising results are obtained.Öğe A 3-Scale Haar Wavelet Collocation Method for Numerical Solution of the Nonlinear Gardner Equation(Springer Basel Ag, 2025) Bulut, Fatih; Oruc, Omer; Esen, AlaattinIn this paper, a 3-scale Haar wavelet collocation method was applied to the nonlinear Gardner equation which can be used to describe the large-amplitude inner waves in the ocean. We start the solution process with the time discretization of the Gardner equation, with the help of finite difference method. Then, we have used 3-scale Haar wavelets for the space discretization. These steps gave us a system of algebraic equations, by solving these equations we were able to get wavelet coefficients and used them to construct the numerical solution of the Gardner equation. We applied the proposed method to five different problems to test the accuracy and compared the obtained results with other studies in the literature. The results and comparisons are given in tables and solutions are depicted graphically. The results show that the method proposed in this manuscript is highly accurate even with a low number of collocation points.Öğe An alternative approach to compute wavelet connection coefficients(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Bulut, FatihIn this paper we present a step by step algorithm to compute the wavelet connection coefficients using Daubechies wavelets. We address the treatment of scaling function derivatives which has a potential to simplify the computation of connection coefficients. We describe the evaluation of the integrals involving products of Daubechies wavelets and their derivatives. These connection coefficients are necessary for the wavelet-Galerkin approximation of differential or integral equations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Baş-boyun epidermoid kanseri ile epsteın- barr virüs arasındaki ilişkinin polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu kullanılarak araştırılması(İnönü Üniversitesi, 1999) Bulut, FatihEBV ile baş-boyun epidermoid kanser arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak ve EBV genotiplerini saptamak amacıyla 39 baş-boyun epidermoid kanseri olgusunun ve baş-boyun bölgesinin malign olmayan patolojileri saptanan 10 olgusunun parafın bloktan alınan doku örnekleri nested PZR kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Otuz dokuz baş-boyun epidermoid kanseri olgusunun 17’sinde (%43.5) EBV saptanmıştır. Kontrol grubunda ise hiçbir olguda EBV saptanmamıştır. EBV tipA %58.8’lik oranla dominant genotip olarak saptanmıştır. EBV tipB %23.5 oranıyla ve % 17.6 ile EBV tipA+B bunu izlemektedir. Baş-boyun epidermoid kanserli olgular ile kontrol grubu EBV pozitifliği yönünden karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı olarak farklılık saptanmıştır (p = 0.0078<0.05). Tümörün lokalizasyonu, histolojik differansiasyonu, evresi, lenfatik yayılımı olgunun yaşı, cinsiyeti, sigara içme alışkanlığı ve yaşam süresi ile EBV pozitifliği arasında istatitiksel olarak bir ilişki saptanamamıştır.Öğe Boron-doped porous carbon material derived from ZIF-11: Investigation of cotton fabric supercapacitor and Li-ion battery performances(Wiley, 2022) Bugday, Nesrin; Altin, Serdar; Bulut, Fatih; Altin, Emine; Yasar, SedatNitrogen-doped porous carbon (NPC@ZIF-11) and boron-NPC (BNPC@ZIF-11) materials were synthesized by pyrolysis methods, and structural characterization of the compounds was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Elmet-Teller technique, Raman spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry techniques. The ZIF-11 was converted to the NPC@ZIF11 by pyrolysis. BNPC@ZIF-11 was fabricated from NPC@ZIF-11 by pyrolysis in the presence of phenylboronic acid. The fabric supercapacitor, sandwich-type supercapacitor, and Li-ion battery performances of NPC@ZIF-11 and BNPC@ZIF-11 were investigated. The capacity of the Li-ion cell was found as 720 mAh g(-1) for the first cycle, and it was decreased to 250 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles. The capacitance values of the cylindrical devices were 92 F g(-1) and 115.6 F g(-1), for C1 and C4000 in KOH electrolytes. The BNPC@ZIF-11 was used as an electrode material on cotton fabric, and the highest obtained capacitance was 72.8 mF for 0.1 mA, which is a promising result for wearable energy storage materials.Öğe Challenges and recent advancements in MXene-based high-capacity electrodes for future generation rechargeable batteries(Elsevier, 2025) Ashfaq, Rughianah Gohar; Arshad, Muhammad; Siddique, Sofia; Abrar, Areebah; Shah, Saqlain A.; Bulut, Fatih; Altin, SerdarAn innovative family of 2-dimensional transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitride multilayered materials, identified as MXenes, has attracted significant interest since the discovery of Ti3C2 in 2011. MXenes exhibit a broad surface area and excellent electronic conductivity and can be hydrophilic, hydrophobic, or a combination of both. It also possesses physical robustness, flexibility, and chemical and thermal resilience. Surface terminations such as hydroxyl (OH-), oxygen (O-), or fluorine (F-) groups impart hydrophilic properties to the surfaces of materials. Due to its outstanding conductive properties, large specific surface area, excellent mechanical characteristics, and distinctive multilayered structure, MXenes have extensive applications in energy storage devices, absorption processes, catalysis, and other fields. MXenes and related composite materials have gained significant traction in rechargeable batteries. While oxides, sulfides, and various other materials offer high capacities, they are also plagued by poor cyclability, limited conductivity, and volumetric expansion during reaction processes. Consequently, utilizing MXene-based composites can enhance the electronic conductivity, storage capacity, and overall electrochemical efficiency while mitigating volumetric expansion during charge/ discharge cycles. This comprehensive review article delves into the manufacturing process, structure, and characteristics of MXenes. We also explore the energy storage capabilities of these materials in future-generation rechargeable batteries, associated applications, and prospects for future research.Öğe Elektrikli Araçlarda Kullanılan Bataryaların Fiyat/Performans Analizleri: Alternatif Olarak Na-İyon Batarya Sistemleri(2025) Bulut, Fatih; Altın, Serdar; Buldu, MuratBu çalışmada elektrikli araçlarda hali hazırda kullanılan bataryaların temel özellikleri ve kimyaları incelenmiştir. İlk olarak bataryaların çalışma prensipleri temel düzeyde ele alınarak incelenmiş ve en popüler batarya tipleri belirlenerek temel özellikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Hem ülkemizde hem de dünyada elektrikli araçlara olan yönelim ve bununla birlikte satış miktarları değerlendirilerek batarya maliyet analizleri ilk olarak var olan batarya sistemlerinde BatPac programı yardımı ile incelenmiştir. Dünyadaki Li rezervinin kısıtlı olmasından dolayı alternatif olarak görülen Na-iyon bataryaların Li-iyon bataryalara göre durumu incelenerek çalışma mekanizmaları tartışılmıştır. Çalışmanın son kısında ise olası Na-iyon batarya katot ve anot malzemeleri için maliyet analizleri gerçekleştirilerek Li-iyon bataryalar ile kıyaslanmıştır. Sonuç olarak ise Na-iyon bataryaların yaklaşık üç kat Li-iyon bataryalara göre düşük maliyetli olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu durumun yakın gelecekte elektrikli araçların üretim maliyetlerinde özellikle batarya paketi açısından yaklaşık %66 değerinde maliyet azalmasına neden olabileceği öngörülmüştür.Öğe A haar wavelet approximation for two-dimensional time fractional reaction-subdiffusion equation(Springer, 2019) Oruc, Omer; Esen, Alaattin; Bulut, FatihIn this study, we established a wavelet method, based on Haar wavelets and finite difference scheme for two-dimensional time fractional reaction-subdiffusion equation. First by a finite difference approach, time fractional derivative which is defined in Riemann-Liouville sense is discretized. After time discretization, spatial variables are expanded to truncated Haar wavelet series, by doing so a fully discrete scheme obtained whose solution gives wavelet coefficients in wavelet series. Using these wavelet coefficients approximate solution constructed consecutively. Feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method is shown on three test problems by measuring error in norm. Further performance of the method is compared with other methods available in literature such as meshless-based methods and compact alternating direction implicit methods.Öğe A Haar wavelet collocation method for coupled nonlinear Schrodinger-KdV equations(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2016) Oruc, Omer; Esen, Alaattin; Bulut, FatihIn this paper, to obtain accurate numerical solutions of coupled nonlinear Schrodinger-Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations a Haar wavelet collocation method is proposed. An explicit time stepping scheme is used for discretization of time derivatives and nonlinear terms that appeared in the equations are linearized by a linearization technique and space derivatives are discretized by Haar wavelets. In order to test the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method L-2, L-infinity error norms and conserved quantities are used. Also obtained results are compared with previous ones obtained by finite element method, Crank-Nicolson method and radial basis function meshless methods. Error analysis of Haar wavelets is also given.Öğe High-performance Na-ion full-cells with P2-type Na0.67Mn0.5-xNixFe0.43Al0.07O2 cathodes: Cost analysis for stationary battery storage systems(Elsevier, 2024) Kalyoncuoglu, Burcu; Ozgul, Metin; Altundag, Sebahat; Bulut, Fatih; Oz, Erdinc; Sahinbay, Sevda; Altin, SerdarNa -ion batteries are viable alternatives to Li-ion batteries especially for stationary applications. Developing suitable electrode materials, half-cell and full-cell studies and cost analysis are major steps and challenges for their commercialization. In this study, we report the synthesis of a promising cathode material, Na0.67Mn0.5- xNixFe0.43Al0.07O2 (x = 0.02-0.10 with Delta x = 0.02), using a modified solid-state synthesis technique. The materials were heated at high temperature for 6 h in air and quenched in liquid N-2. We determined the solubility limit of Ni in Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.43Al0.07O2 as x <= 0.06. The interlayer separation increases with increasing Ni content due to the ionic radii difference between Mn and Ni. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements evidence the valance state of Ni in the x = 0.06 sample as 2+ and 3+. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis of the half-cells were performed at 10 C-degrees, room temperature, and 50 degrees C to observe the effect of environmental temperature on redox mechanism. The highest half-cell capacity of the cells was determined as 181 mAh/g for x = 0.06 at C/3-rate. Artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation was performed on the hard carbon anode by presodiation technique and the full-cells of Na0.67Mn0.44Ni0.06- Fe0.43Al0.07O2/hard carbon were assembled in CR2032 coin cells. The capacity values of the cells at C/2, C, and 2C-rate were determined as 131.4 mAh/g, 116 mAh/g and 100.8 mAh/g for the 1 cycle and 33 mAh/g, 40.6 mAh/g and 49.9 mAh/g for the 500th cycle, respectively. The cost analysis for the commercial package for stationary energy storage system was performed by BatPac program and results are discussed.Öğe Higher order Haar wavelet method integrated with strang splitting for solving regularized long wave equation(Elsevier, 2022) Bulut, Fatih; Oruc, Oemer; Esen, AlaattinIn this paper, we are going to utilize newly developed Higher Order Haar wavelet method (HOHWM) and classical Haar wavelet method (HWM) to numerically solve the Regularized Long Wave (RLW) equation. Spatial variable of the RLW equation is treated with HOHWM and HWM separately. On the other hand temporal variable is discretized by finite differences combined with Strang splitting approach. The presented methods applied to three different test problems and the obtained results are given in tables as well as depicted in figures. The obtained results are compared with analytical results wherever they exist. The error norms L-2 and L-infinity and invariants I-1, I-2 and I-3 are used to show the accuracy of the methods when comparing the present results with those in the literature. (C)& nbsp;2022 International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (IMACS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Highly accurate numerical scheme based on polynomial scaling functions for equal width equation(Elsevier, 2021) Oruc, Omer; Esen, Alaattin; Bulut, FatihIn this paper we established a numerical method for Equal Width (EW) Equation using Polynomial Scaling Functions. The EW equation is a simpler alternative to well known Korteweg de Vries (KdV) and regularized long wave (RLW) equations which have many applications in nonlinear wave phenomena. According to Polynomial scaling method, algebraic polynomials are used to get the orthogonality between the wavelets and corresponding scaling functions with respect to the Chebyshev weight. First we introduce polynomial scaling functions, how are the functions are approximated according to these and Operational matrix of derivatives are given. For time discretization of the function we use finite difference method with Rubin Graves linearization and polynomial scaling functions are used for the space discretization. The method is applied to four different problem and the obtained results are compared with the results in the literature and with the exact results to give the efficiency of the method. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Multi-scale Methods in Quantum Field Theory(Springer Wien, 2018) Polyzou, W. N.; Michlin, Tracie; Bulut, FatihDaubechies wavelets are used to make an exact multi-scale decomposition of quantum fields. For reactions that involve a finite energy that take place in a finite volume, the number of relevant quantum mechanical degrees of freedom is finite. The wavelet decomposition has natural resolution and volume truncations that can be used to isolate the relevant degrees of freedom. The application of flow equation methods to construct effective theories that decouple coarse and fine scale degrees of freedom is examined.Öğe Multiresolution decomposition of quantum field theories using wavelet bases(Amer Physical Soc, 2017) Michlin, Tracie; Polyzou, W. N.; Bulut, FatihWe investigate both the theoretical and computational aspects of using wavelet bases to perform an exact decomposition of a local field theory by spatial resolution. The decomposition admits natural volume and resolution truncations. We demonstrate that flow equation methods can be used to eliminate short-distance degrees of freedom in truncated theories. The method is tested on a free scalar field in one dimension, where the spatial derivatives couple the degrees of freedom on different scales, although the method is applicable to more complex field theories. The flow equation method is shown to decouple both distance and energy scales in this example. The response to changing the volume and resolution cutoffs and the mass is discussed.Öğe Numerical investigation of dynamic Euler-Bernoulli equation via 3-Scale Haar wavelet collocation method(Hacettepe Univ, Fac Sci, 2021) Oruc, Omer; Esen, Alaattin; Bulut, FatihIn this study, we analyze the performance of a numerical scheme based on 3-scale Haar wavelets for dynamic Euler-Bernoulli equation, which is a fourth order time dependent partial differential equation. This type of equations governs the behaviour of a vibrating beam and have many applications in elasticity. For its solution, we first rewrite the fourth order time dependent partial differential equation as a system of partial differential equations by introducing a new variable, and then use finite difference approximations to discretize in time, as well as 3-scale Haar wavelets to discretize in space. By doing so, we obtain a system of algebraic equations whose solution gives wavelet coefficients for constructing the numerical solution of the partial differential equation. To test the accuracy and reliability of the numerical scheme based on 3-scale Haar wavelets, we apply it to five test problems including variable and constant coefficient, as well as homogeneous and non-homogeneous partial differential equations. The obtained results are compared wherever possible with those from previous studies. Numerical results are tabulated and depicted graphically. In the applications of the proposed method, we achieve high accuracy even with small number of collocation points.Öğe Numerical Solution of the Rosenau-KdV-RLW equation via combination of a polynomial scaling function collocation and finite difference method(Wiley, 2025) Oruc, Omer; Esen, Alaattin; Bulut, FatihIn this paper, we established a polynomial scaling method to investigate the numerical solution of Rosenau-Korteweg De Vries-regularized long wave (Rosenau-KdV-RLW) equation. We start with discretization of the time variable of the equation using a finite difference approach equipped with a linearization. After the time discretization, we have used polynomial scaling functions for the discretization of the spatial variable. These two discretizations give us the desired discrete system of equations to obtain numerical solutions. We further derive an error estimate for the proposed method. We have applied the proposed method to Rosenau-KdV, Rosenau-RLW, and Rosenau-KdV-RLW equations and used error norms to examine the accuracy and reliability of the presented method. Also, to enhance accuracy of the results, we utilize Richardson extrapolation. The comparisons with the analytical solution and earlier studies that use different methods indicate that the proposed method is accurate and reliable.Öğe Optimization of Electrochemical Presodiation Parameters of Na-Ion Full Cells for Stable Solid-Electrolyte Interface Formation: Hard Carbon Rods from Waste Firefighter Suits(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2023) Yalman, Emine; Altundag, Sebahat; Aydin, Mustafa Goktan; Onal, Yunus; Depci, Tolga; Tekbas, Hasan; Bulut, FatihUtilizing the synthetic waste of firefighter costumes, rod-shaped hard carbon materials are effectively produced for the first time with over 99% purity, and their structural properties are evaluated using the appropriate spectroscopic techniques. The galvanostatic cycling tests are performed at different temperatures and the result shows that the capacity and capacity fade values are directly affected by the temperature. The high-rate consumption of sodium ions during the evolution of the solid-electrolyte interface in the first cycle of the cells is observed and the highest capacity of the half cells is obtained as 410 and 233 mAh g(-1) for the first and second cycles, respectively. To compensate for the sodium-ion loss, an electrochemical treatment presodiation technique is implemented, which is an effective means of compensating for the initial inefficiency. The optimum presodiation condition of electrochemical treatment of anode electrode for the production of Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.45Ti0.07O2/presodiated hard carbon full cells is investigated. The highest capacity values for C/10 are obtained at 114.9 mAh g(-1) for the full cells using the voltage window of 2-4 V. The cost analysis of the battery pack for 90 kW electric-powered cars is calculated by the BatPaC software and the results are evaluated for possible commercialization.Öğe Pd-NHC complex catalyzed C-H bond activation reactions of caffeine and 2-isobuthylthiazole(Elsevier, 2022) Bugday, Nesrin; Khan, Siraj; Yasar, Sedat; Bulut, Fatih; Boulebd, Houssem; Karabiyik, Hande; Karabiyik, HasanA series of new Pd-NHC complexes were synthesized, characterized, and utilized as catalysts on 8-(hetero)ary-lation of xanthines and C-5 (hetero)arylation of 2-isobuthylthiazole. All the synthesized derivatives were characterized by NMR, Q-TOF-LC/MS, FTIR, and X-ray (for 4a, 5a, and 5b) analysis. In addition, DFT calculations and computational NBO studies for Pd-NHC complexes were examined, and HOMO and LUMO energy levels and electron density of each Pd-NHC complex were defined. 4a-c and 5a-b complexes showed good catalytic activity in C-H bond activation reactions. DFT studies have also been conducted to examine the reaction mechanism following the CMD pathway. Complex 5a was chosen as a representative catalyst for the reaction of unsubstituted phenyl with caffeine and 2-isobuthylthiazole. Although the delta E values of the complexes are so close, slight difference in the catalytic activity were observed for 4a-c and 5a-b. Since this low delta E value facilitates the oxidative addition reaction of (hetero)aryl bromides, thanks to this catalytic system, new 8-(hetero)aryl xan-thines and 5-(hetero)aryl thiazole derivatives could be synthesized with high yields and low catalyst loading.Öğe A Strang Splitting Approach Combined with Chebyshev Wavelets to Solve the Regularized Long-Wave Equation Numerically(Springer Basel Ag, 2020) Oruc, Omer; Esen, Alaattin; Bulut, FatihIn this manuscript, a Strang splitting approach combined with Chebyshev wavelets has been used to obtain the numerical solutions of regularized long-wave (RLW) equation with various initial and boundary conditions. The performance of the proposed method measured with three different test problems. To measure the accuracy of the method, L-2 and L-infinity error norms and the I-1,I-2,I-3 invariants are computed. The results of the computations are compared with the existing numerical and exact solutions in the literature.Öğe Synovial sarcoma of the pharynx a case report(Ear Nose Throat J., 2002) Saydam, Levent; Kızılay, Ahmet; Kalcıoğlu, Mahmut Tayyar; Mızrak, Bülent; Bulut, Fatih
