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    Brain diffusion-weighted imaging in diabetic patients with retinopathy
    (Verduci Publisher, 2012) Dogan, M.; Ozsoy, E.; Doganay, S.; Burulday, V.; Firat, P. G.; Ozer, A.; Alkan, A.
    Objective: Our aim was to detect whether there is any change in apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) levels in different sites of the brain, particularly in areas associated with the vision, in diabetic patients with retinopathy by measuring diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Materials and Methods: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DWI of the brain were obtained from 45 diabetic patients (15 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (group 1), 15 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (group 2), 15 diabetic patients without retinopathy (group 3) and from 15 age-matched healthy volunteers (group 4). ADC values of visual cortex, cingulate gyrus, orbitofrontal, dorsomedial and dorsolateral frontal, corona radiate, and thalamus were obtained. Results: The ADC values of visual cortex, cingulate gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex significantly increased in groups 1 and 2 compared to groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.001). The ADC values of visual cortex significantly increased in group 1 compared to group 2 (p < 0.001). The duration of disease and value of HbA1c positively correlated with ADC values of the visual and orbitofrontal cortexes, and cingulate gyrus. Conclusions: We found an increase in ADC values supporting the neuronal loss in some regions, especially in visual center by DWI in the diabetic patients with retinopathy. This result supports the association between diabetic retinopathy and brain injury.
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    Diffusion-weighted imaging measurements of central smell regions in COVID-19 patients: insular gyrus, corpus amygdala, and thalamus
    (Verduci Publisher, 2023) Burulday, V.; Muluk, N. bayar; Akgul, M. H.; Sayar, M. S.
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate central smell centers with cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in COVID-19.PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospec-tive study evaluated cranial MRI images of 54 adults. The experimental group (Group 1), con-sisting of 27 patients with positive COVID-19 real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assays, was compared to the control group (Group 2), comprising 27 healthy con-trols without COVID-19. The apparent diffu-sion coefficient (ADC) values were measured in the corpus amygdala, thalamus, and insular gyrus in both groups. RESULTS: Thalamus ADC values of the COVID-19 group were significantly lower com-pared to the control group bilaterally. Howev-er, no differences were found in the insular gy-rus and corpus amygdala ADC values between the two groups. Positive correlations were ob-served between the insular gyrus and cor-pus amygdala ADC values and the thalamus ADC values. Insular gyrus ADC values (right) were higher in females. Left insular gyrus and corpus amygdala ADC values were higher in COVID-19 patients with smell loss. Right in-sular gyrus and left corpus amygdala ADC values were lower in COVID-19 patients with lymphopenia.CONCLUSIONS: Diffusion restriction in ol-factory areas can be considered an obvious indicator that the COVID-19 virus affects and damages the immune system at the neuro-nal level. Given the urgency and lethality of the current pandemic, acute onset odor loss should be considered a high suspicion-adhe-sive index for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infec-tion. Therefore, the sense of smell should be considered and evaluated simultaneously with other neurological symptoms. DWI should be widely used as an early imaging method for central nervous system (CNS) infections, espe-cially in relation to COVID-19.