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    Innovation of Strategies and Challenges for Fungal Nanobiotechnology
    (Springer International Publishing Ag, 2016) Saglam, Necdet; Yesilada, Ozfer; Cabuk, Ahmet; Sam, Mesut; Saglam, Semran; Ilk, Sedef; Emul, Ezgi
    Nanotechnology involves the study and use of materials under the 100 nm scale, exploiting the different physiochemical properties exhibited by these materials at the nanoscale level. Microorganisms are the best model and role of action for the nano/biotechnological applications. This technology has become increasingly important for the biotechnology and the related sectors. Promising applications have been already employed in the areas of drug delivery systems using bioactive nanoencapsulation, biosensors to detect and quantify pathogens, chemical and organic compounds, alteration of food compositions, and high-performance sensors and film to preserve fruits and vegetables. Moreover, the taste of food and food safety can be improved by new nano-materials from the microbiological sources. The huge benefits from this technology have led to increases in the market investments in nanoscience and nanoproducts in several areas.
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    Laccase production and dye decolorization by Trametes versicolor: application of Taguchi and Box-Behnken Methodologies
    (Turkish Biochem Soc, 2014) Gedikli, Serap; Aytar, Pinar; Buruk, Yeliz; Apohan, Elif; Cabuk, Ahmet; Yesilada, Ozfer; Burnak, Nimetullah
    Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the laccase production of Trametes versicolor under submerged fermentation condition. Then, dye decolorization by laccase was optimized using Box-Behnken methodology. Methods: The optimal culture conditions for producing high amount of laccase were determined using Taguchi methodology. The experiments were designed with five factors (glucose, yeast extract, CuSO4, inoculum size and pH) at three levels with orthogonal array layout of L27 (3(5)). Then, the optimum conditions for high decolorization activity of Reactive Blue 49 by obtained crude laccase were also investigated using Box-Behnken methodology. Results: The optimum culture conditions for production of high amounts of laccase were detected as 2 g L-1 of glucose, 5 g L-1 of yeast extract, 2mM of CuSO4, 4% of inoculum amount and pH 5.5. Yeast extract was the most effective factor, followed by CuSO4, inoculum, glucose and pH. Under these conditions, predicted values were in a good agreement with the actual experimental one. The predicted results showed that the maximum of Reactive Blue 49 decolorization as 98% could be obtained under the optimum conditions of pH 2.95, initial dye concentration 55.6 mg L-1, enzyme amount 0.76 mL and reaction time 46.91 min. The validity and practicability of this statistical optimization strategy was confirmed with the relation between predicted and experimental values. Conclusion: The results suggested that Taguchi method can be used in the optimization of laccase production process. Production of laccase by Trametes versicolor 2008001 can be effectively used for enzymatic decolorization according to the results of decolorization experiments in optimal levels.