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    NAZISM IDEOLOGY IN TURKISH CINEMA: KIRIMLI FILM AND SEMIOTICS ANALYSIS
    (Istanbul Univ, Methodology & Sociology Research Center, 2017) Caki, Caner; Zorlu, Yasar; Karaca, Mustafa
    In the 20th century, the cinema became an important communication tool for the ruling sovereign powers to reflect their ideologies and start dominating the masses. In particular, ideological rhetoric was common in the cinema sector in the first half of the 20th century when ideologies such as Nazism, Communism, and Fascism dominated Europe. The Nazi ideology had found a considerable place in the cinema sector after the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933. The ideology of Nazism was criticized in American films such as The Great Dictator (1940), whereas it was exalted in German films such as Triumph of the Will (Triumph des Willens, 1935) when the Nazis were in power in Germany. In the period after World War II, when Nazism was officially abolished, the films about the ideology of Nazism continued to be made. In these films, Nazi ideology was heavy criticized. Later Turkish cinema subjected Nazi ideology to deep criticism in such films as the Ankara Express (Ankara Ekspresi, 1971). This study examines Burak Cem Arliel's film Kirimli, which was shown in 2014. The movie, which was adapted to the screen from Cengiz Dagci's novel Horrible Years (Korkunc Yillar, 1956) about the human tragedy and pain suffered by the Tatar prisoners captured in German prisoner camps during the Second World War. This study's methodology is based on Saussure's notion of signs. The study examines the ideology of Nazism in the film using semiotic analysis to show how Nazi ideology was reflected in Turkish cinema. The study finds that like other Turkish films on the subject, Kirimli subjects Nazi ideology to severe criticism.
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    The Presentation of Reading Habit in the Propaganda Posters Shaped during the Chinese Culture Revolution in the People's Republic of China
    (Turkish Librarians Assoc, 2020) Gazi, Mehmet Ali; Caki, Caner; Gulada, Mehmet Ozan; Caki, Gul
    The Chinese Cultural Revolution (CCR), which took place between 1966-1976, engraved in the social and cultural life of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Publications believed to harm the Chinese Communist Revolution and Mao's leadership cult were destroyed. In the revolution where the Red Guards were at the forefront, libraries and universities were attacked and the publications representing the old society were burned. Ancient and classical works were banned in the country and publications promoting the revolution were brought to the fore. In addition, the Chinese people were encouraged to read Quotations from Chairman Mao Tsetung. During the revolution, posters were used as an effective propaganda tool and messages were given on the posters about what the Chinese people should read and not. It was aimed to reveal the direction of reading habit with CCR in PRC through propaganda posters in the study. 9 propaganda posters determined using the quota sample were analyzed using the semiotics method in terms of the concepts of French linguist Roland Barthes. It was stated that the Chinese people experienced a cultural struggle and this struggle could be overcome by reading publications that praise Mao and the revolution. In this way, it was revealed that it was aimed to form individuals loyal to Mao and the revolution.
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    A Semiotic Analysis on Propaganda Posters During Likbez Campaign
    (Turkish Librarians Assoc, 2020) Caki, Caner; Gazi, Mehmet Ali; Caki, Gul; Gulada, Ozan
    The Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin seized power in Russia after the October Revolution in 1917. A literacy campaign was launched in Russia under the title of Elimination of Ignorance Among the Population with the short name Likbez and an intense effort was made to raise the level of education with the campaign in the country under the leader ship of Lenin on December 26, 1919. Especially within the scope of the campaign, propaganda activities were carried out to encourage reading books and to develop the reading habits of the masses. At this stage, propaganda posters, one of the leading mass media tools of the period, were used. In the study, it was aimed to reveal how the propaganda posters were used and what messages were given in the process of encouraging the masses to read books in Likbez, which was initiated in Lenin's reign. For this purpose, 9 propaganda posters determined were analyzed in the light of the semiotics concepts of the Russian linguist Roman Jakobson. In the findings of the study, it was revealed that the perceptions that people who read books would have a happy and peaceful life were tried to be formed, on the other hand, reading was presented as away of getting closer to the Communism ideology.