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    Determination of normal lung volume using computed tomography in children and adolescents
    (2019) Caliskan, Emine; Ozturkey, Mehmet
    Aim: To determine the normal reference values for both lung inspiratory volumes in children and adolescents with routine computed tomography (CT) and compare relationships with gender and age. Material and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 100 cases (53 males, 47 females) with normal chest CT (age range: 4-17 years). The cases were divided into three subgroups based on age as 4-7 years (preschool; n=31), 8-12 years (school-age; n=30) and 13-17 years (adolescent; n=39). Demographic data like sex and age were recorded. Right, left and total lung volumes were calculated with automatic volumetric software. Volume comparisons were made for lungs, gender and age groups. Statistical analysis used the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, Mann-Whitney U test and Tamhane test. Results: For all cases the right lung volume was greater than the left lung (p<0.001). There was no significant difference identified for the total lung volumes between the genders (p=0.421). The right, left and total lung median volume values were identified as 379 cm3 , 310 cm3 and 689 cm3 in the preschool group, 840 cm 3.710 cm3 and 1550 cm3 in the school-age group and 1670 cm3 , 1391 cm3 and 3061 cm3 in the adolescent group, respectively. In the transitions from preschool to school-age and from school-age to adolescent periods, the right, left and total lung volumes significantly increased. Conclusion: Quantitative reference values for normal lung inspiratory volume were revealed for children and adolescents using CT. As age group increased, there were significant increases in lung volume. Gender did not have a significant effect on lung volume.
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    Diffuse metastatic liver involvement of congenital neuroblastoma without primary mass and mimicking chronic liver disease
    (2019) Caliskan, Emine; Bayramoglu, Zuhal; Tugcu, Deniz; Yilmaz, Ebru; Karaman, Serap; Karakas, Zeynep; Bilgic, Bilge; Adaletli, Ibrahim
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    Evaluation of physiologic pineal gland calcification via computed tomography in the pediatric population
    (2019) Ozturk, Mehmet; Caliskan, Emine
    Aim: To determine the area, density and morphology of physiologic pineal gland calcification in the preadolescents and adolescents using computed tomography and to evaluate correlations with age and sex.Material and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 220 cases (110 males, 110 females) with ages ranging from 7-17 years (mean age: 12±3.17). Cases were divided into two groups according to age of 7-12 years (n=120, preadolescent) and 13-17 years (n=100, adolescent). Morphology (homogeneous-heterogeneous), area (mm2) and density (Hounsfield Units [HU]) of pineal calcifications were investigated on computed tomography. Comparisons were made between age groups and sex in terms of these variables.Results: This study found pineal calcification frequency was 50%, 35% and 67% in all cases, preadolescents, and adolescents, respectively. According to morphology, 60.9% of calcifications were homogeneous and 39.1% were heterogeneous. Median calcification area and density values were 8.50 (6-15) mm2 and 67 (50-109.75) HU, and 7 (4.75-14.25) mm2, and 67 (53.25-87.75) HU, for males and females, respectively, with no significant difference identified between the sexes (p=0.353 and p=0.463, respectively). Median calcification area in the preadolescent and adolescent age groups was 7 (6-12) and 10 (5-18) mm2, with no significant difference identified between the groups (p=0.175). Median density values were 70 (56-109) HU for adolescents and this was high compared to preadolescents (59 [47-78] HU) (p=0.005). Conclusion: Physiologic pineal calcification frequency, area, density and morphology were revealed for preadolescent and adolescents. These values may be used as qualitative and quantitative reference data for differentiation of normal/abnormal pineal calcification in routine practice.
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    Normative data for trachea and main bronchi dimensions on computed tomography in children and adolescents
    (2020) Caliskan, Emine; Gul, Ozan Berk; Ozturk, Mehmet
    Aim: To determine the reference values for trachea and main bronchi dimensions in children and adolescents using CT and to evaluate correlations with age and sex.Material and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 150 cases (75 males, 75 females) with the median age of 9 (6-14) years. Cases were divided into three groups according to age of 4-7 years (n=50, preschool), 8-12 years (n=50, school), and 13-17 years (n=50, adolescent). The dimensions of trachea segments (proximal, middle, distal parts), and right and left bronchi were measured on coronal CT images. Comparisons were made between age groups and sex in terms of these variables.Results: The proximal, middle and distal sections of the trachea had median dimensions of 0.91 (0.79-1.08)cm, 1.08 (0.96-1.22)cm and 1.17 (1.06-1.32)cm, respectively. The order from statistically largest to smallest was distal, middle and proximal levels (p0.001). The dimension of the right main bronchus was significantly larger than the left one (p0.001) (median dimension for right 1.11 [0.96-1.30]cm, for left 1.04 [0.91-1.22]cm). There were no significant differences between the genders for main bronchi and trachea proximal and middle sections in terms of size. The trachea distal dimension was significantly larger in males compared to females (p=0.036). There were significant differences for all airways dimensions between the age groups (p0.001) (from largest to smallest; adolescents, children, preschoolers).Conclusion: Quantitative normative data were determined for the central airways of children and adolescents using coronal CT. These values may be used for diagnosis and management of medical procedures in routine practice.