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    Ephedra alata Growing Wild in Southern Tunisia: Phytochemical Profiling and Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial, Anti-xanthine Oxidase and Cytotoxic Potentials
    (Natl Information Documentation Cent, Acad Scientific Research & Technology, 2026) Bennour, Naima; Mighri, Hedi; Harboub, Nesrine; Eljani, Hajer; Chouikhi, Naima; Yesilada, Ozfer; Campra, Pablo
    This study investigated the ethnobotanical use, phytochemical composition, and biological activities of Ephedra alata from southern Tunisia. Ethnobotanical data were collected via an online questionnaire, and proximate, phytochemical, and mineral analyses were performed using standard methods. Extracts obtained with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol, ethanol, and water were assessed for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), as well as for anti-inflammatory (5-lipoxygenase inhibition), anti-xanthine oxidase, cytotoxic (HT-29 cell line), and antibacterial (MIC against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) activities. Among 450 respondents, 64% were familiar with Ephedra and 27% reported its use mainly aerial parts via infusion for cancer, digestive issues, and hypertension. Nutritional analysis revealed high fiber (41.6%), protein (9.45%), and mineral content. Phytochemical screening identified 9 of 17 targeted compounds. Mineral analysis confirmed the presence of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Fe. Ethanol extracts showed the highest anti-xanthine oxidase (IC50 = 143mg/L) and cytotoxic activity (GI50= 780mg/L), while overall anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects were weak. These findings support the traditional use of E. alata and highlight its potential in health and nutrition applications.