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Öğe A Review of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Students' Metaphorical Perceptions of Exercise(Wiley, 2025) Yilmaz, Ramazan Cihad; Percin, Alper; Karaoba, Dilan Demirtas; Candiri, BusraAims and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the metaphorical perceptions of the students of the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation regarding exercise. Methods: The study was designed as a phenomenological case study, following the qualitative research method; it included 180 students from the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation. The students were asked to complete the sentence, Exercise is like...; because... to gain insight into their perception of exercise. Results: Students produced 180 metaphors, which were grouped into 13 different categories. Students most frequently compared exercise to the notions of water, reading, therapy, air, and medicine. The categories with the highest number of metaphors included happiness and soothing, psychological impact, labour, care, and continuity, and valuable. The metaphors suggested by the students of the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation toward exercise were positive; however, they defined exercise as a challenging activity that requires effort and continuity. Conclusion: Most students included in the study used positive metaphors about exercise. A few students expressed negative sentiments. Investigating the perceptions of physiotherapy students on exercise beginning from their school years can provide a reference for adopting a better quality and holistic exercise approach, including teaching about and training on exercise, thereby enhancing their future role in developing exercise prescriptions and improving exercise adherence.Öğe ARE VESTIBULAR FUNCTION OR VISUOSPATIAL PERCEPTION AFFECTED IN INDIVIDUALS WITH IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS?(Dokuz Eylul Univ Inst Health Sciences, 2025) Adli, Havva; Ramazanoglu, Engin; Candiri, Busra; Talu, Burcu; Coba, Idris; Aslanturk, Okan; Ceylan, Mehmet FethiPurpose: It was aimed to investigate the relationship between characteristics of the curve and balance, vestibular dysfunction, visuospatial perception, navigation performance, and quality of life in idiopathic scoliosis. Material and Methods: Thirty-three participants aged 10-25 were included. The Cobb angle of the participants was recorded. The degree of rotation of the curve with the mobile application called ScolioDetector; balance parameters with the duration of unipedal stance test (eyes open-closed, right-left foot, hard-soft ground); vestibular dysfunction with the Utenberger test; visual-spatial perception with the Corsi Block Tapping test; navigation performance with the triangle completion task; and quality of life was assessed with the Scoliosis Research Society-22. In the comparison made according to type and direction of scoliosis curve, analysis was performed with the independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test; Pearson correlation or Spearman correlation test was used in the relationship between Cobb and rotation angle and other parameters. Results: In the comparison made according to the curve type, only the right eyes closed unipedal stance test duration (p=0.022) and Unterberger test rotation angle were found to be significantly different (p=0.045). According to the direction of the curve, except for the right foot unipedal stance test (eyes open) on soft ground (p=0.009) and Unterberger test displacement distance (p<0.05) and the degree of rotation with eyes open (p=0.007), no significant difference was found (p>0.05). A significant correlation was shown only between the rotation angle and the right foot eyes closed single leg stance test on soft ground. No significant correlation was found between Unterberger and Visual-Spatial Memory tests. Conclusion: The characteristics of the curve (C or S; right or left scoliosis) affect balance and vestibular dysfunction. The rotation angle is only related to balance; it was observed that the curve features were not associated with visuospatial perception and navigation performance.Öğe The effect of graded motor imagery training on pain, functional performance, motor imagery skills, and kinesiophobia after total knee arthroplasty: randomized controlled trial(Korean Pain Soc, 2023) Candiri, Busra; Talu, Burcu; Guner, Emre; Ozen, MetehanBackground: The aim was to investigate the effect of graded motor imagery (GMI) added to rehabilitation on pain, functional performance, motor imagery ability, and kinesiophobia in individuals with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: Individuals scheduled for unilateral TKA were randomized to one of two groups: control (traditional rehabilitation, n = 9) and GMI (traditional rehabilitation + GMI, n = 9) groups. The primary outcome measures were the visual analogue scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Secondary outcome measures were knee range of motion, muscle strength, the timed up and go test, mental chronometer, Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3, lateralization performance, Central Sensitization Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale. Evaluations were made before and 6 weeks after surgery. Results: Activity and resting pain were significantly reduced in the GMI group compared to the control group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 scores and accuracy of lateralization performance also showed significant improvement (P = 0.037 and P = 0.015, respectively). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale and Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale scores were also significantly decreased in the GMI group compared to the control group (P = 0.039 and P = 0.009, respectively). However, GMI did not differ significantly in WOMAC scores, range of motion, muscle strength, timed up and go test and Central Sensitization Inventory scores compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: GMI improved pain, motor imagery ability, pain catastrophizing, and kinesiophobia in the acute period after TKA.Öğe Effect of psoriatic arthritis on the strength, proprioception, skill, coordination, and functional condition of the hand(Wiley, 2022) Candiri, Busra; Talu, Burcu; Karaoba, Dilan Demirtas; Ozaltin, Gulfem Ezgi; Yolbas, ServetBackground This study was planned to evaluate the strength, proprioception, skill, coordination, and functional condition of the hand in individuals with psoriatic arthritis and to correlate disease activity with these parameters. Methods Fifty-six individuals (psoriatic arthritis group, n = 36; control group, n = 20) were included in the study. Evaluations were performed of disease activity with Disease Activity Score 28; grip strength with a dynamometer and pinch strength with pinch gauge dynamometers; joint position sensation with a goniometer; finger skills with a mobile application; and coordination and skill of both hands with the Purdue Pegboard test. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) was used for hand functional evaluation. Results There was a significant difference between the grip and pinch strength of the psoriatic arthritis group and the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the joint position sense measurements and the mobile application scores between the groups (P > 0.05). Purdue Pegboard scores showed a significant difference only in both hands and assembly subsections (P < 0.05). With Disease Activity Score 28, significant correlations were found between grip and pinch strength, mobile application scores, Purdue Pegboard all subsections, and left-hand joint position sense average error amount, and between MHQ and grip and pinch strength. Conclusions This study is the first to show that psoriatic arthritis has a negative effect especially on hand strength; grip strength decreases as disease severity increases and, skill, coordination, and functionality of hand deteriorate.Öğe Effects of Sensor Size, Surface Material, and Contact Area on Pressure Measurements in Thin-Film Pressure Sensors(Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2024) Talu, Burcu; Isik, Ibrahim; Candiri, Busra; Candiri, Yunus; Yapalikan, Remziye BetulThe existing studies on foot pressure measurement have primarily focused on sensor placement and the number of sensors instead of sensor size and the ground above the sensor; moreover, there is limited research available on the use of different materials in pressure measurement devices manufactured by various companies. This study, therefore, aimed to address these gaps by investigating the measurement accuracy in standard loading conditions, considering different sensor sizes, contact areas, and ground surfaces. Pressure was applied within the sensing diameter of the sensor, and a microcontroller was used to calculate the reciprocal resistance. The results of the study indicated that the coating of sensors with different materials and the shape of the contact surface of the object applying pressure significantly influenced the measurements of the pressure sensors. When comparing the difference according to the sensor sizes, medium-size sensor (18.3 mm); according to surfaces, thin-thick plastazote; according to loading conditions, oval contact areas gave more sensitive values. Future research can further build upon these findings to enhance the design and development of pressure measurement devices, ultimately benefiting scientific research and clinical applications.Öğe Examination of Motor Imagery Ability in Individuals With Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: Case-Control Study(Imr Press, 2025) Karaoba, Dilan Demirtas; Ozaltin, Gulfem Ezgi; Candiri, Busra; Talu, BurcuIntroduction: Given the important role of motor imagery (MI) in rehabilitation, this study aimed to compare MI abilities in individuals with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SDCP) and typically-developing (TD), and to determine the factors associated with MI ability in SDCP.Patients and Methods: This study was planned as a cross-sectional, case-control study. SDCP (n = 26) and TD (n = 26) individuals participated in the study. SDCP individuals were selected from Special Education and Rehabilitation Centers, while TD participants were recruited from relatives of patients receiving therapy at these centers and from volunteers responding to bulletin board announcements. All assessments were performed before or after the weekly physiotherapy sessions, to avoid interfering with routine physiotherapy and rehabilitation sessions. Visual and kinesthetic imagery abilities were assessed using the Movement imagery questionnaire for children (MIQ-C), Implicit MI capacity laterality task, and Explicit MI capacity mental chronometry.Results: The SDCP group had a mean age of 11.69 (3.78) years, consisting of 12 females and 14 males; 10 participants were classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Level I and 16 as Level II. The TD group had a mean age of 11.50 (2.30) years, including 16 females and 10 males. A significant difference was found between the groups in MIQ-C and mental chronometry performance (p < 0.05). While there was a significant difference in reaction time according to dominance in SDCP (p = 0.038), there was no difference in accuracy rate (p = 0.699). Reaction time and accuracy rate were significantly different between groups according to dominance (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between MIQ-C total score, dominant reaction time and accuracy rate and age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and GMFCS (p > 0.05). While age and BMI were not related to mental chronometry; GMFCS was found to have a significant positive effect on mental chronometry (p = 0.000).Conclusions: In children with SDCP MI ability differs from that of typically developing peers, being weaker across all assessed subparameters. Moreover, MI ability showed a moderate association with the GMFCS level.Öğe Examining the Contents of Pes Planus Exercise Videos and Evaluating Quality and Reliability(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025) Demirtas Karaoba, Dilan; Candiri, Busra; Talu, BurcuObjectives: This study aimed to examine the content of the most-viewed pes planus exercise videos on YouTube®and evaluate their quality and reliability. Methods: YouTube was searched with keywords “Pes planus exercises,” “Pes planus rehabilitation,” “Pes planus physiotherapy,” “Flat foot exercises,” “Flat foot rehabilitation,” and “Flat foot physiotherapy.” A total of 360 videos were independently reviewed by 2 evaluators. The URL of the videos, length, publication date, number of views/likes, number of comments, number of subscribers of the video source, video type, and exercise type of the videos were recorded. Video popularity view rate; quality and information content of videos, Global Quality Scale (GQS) and modified DISCERN scale; its reliability was evaluated with the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) comparison score. Results: Of the 49 videos that met inclusion criteria, 42.85% were of high quality according to GQS. Video length, number of comments, modified DISCERN, and JAMA scores were significantly higher in the high-quality group (P < .05). Other video features were not different (P > .05). The number of likes, comments, views, and subscribers of the videos, and video popularity, were positively correlated with each other at a moderate to high level (P < .001). High quality and reliability were significantly correlated only with longer video length and higher number of comments (P < .05). Conclusion: The overall quality of pes planus exercise videos on YouTube is low; however, longer videos with active viewer engagement tend to be of higher quality. This highlights the need for clinicians to direct patients to reliable digital resources and for content creators to follow standards. Level of Evidence: Level V: Systemic review of nonpeer-reviewed resources © 2025 The Author(s)Öğe Investigation of the relationship between femoral anteversion, pelvic inclination and spasticity in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy(Bayrakol Medical Publisher, 2023) Karaoba, Dilan Demirtas; Candiri, Busra; Talu, BurcuAim: This research was planned to analyze the relationship between femoraloanteversion, pelvic inclination and spasticity in children with spasticodiplegic cerebral palsy. Material and Methods: The study included 33 participants with spasticldiplegic cerebrallpalsy, aged 5-18 years (mean age 13.7 years [SD 3.1 years]; 15 girls, 18 boys), with GrosslMotor Function Classification Score 1 and 2. Femoralianteversion was evaluated with the Craig test. Pelvic inclination angle was measured using a specially designed caliper-like device and a mobile application (rotating sphere clinometer) with a phone placed on the device. Spasticity was evaluated using the Modified Ashworth Scale. The average spasticity values in the lower extremity hip flexor, adductor, internal rotator, knee flexor, plantar flexor and evertor muscles were calculated. Results: A moderate positiveicorrelation was observed between the femoral anteversion angle and pelvic inclination angle (right: r=.373, p<.05; left: r=.412, p<.05) and between femoral anteversion angle and the mean value of lower extremity total spasticity (right: r= .361, p<.05, left: r= .368, p<.05). There was no significant relationship between the pelvic inclination angle and the mean value of lower extremity total spasticity (right: r=.208, p>.05; left: r=.302, p>.05). Discussion: It was observed that an increase in lower extremity spasticity value may cause an increased femoralianteversion angle, while an increase in femoral anteversion may cause an increase in pelvic inclination angle.Öğe The relationship between cognitive function and functional capacity, and cognitive reserve and reaction time in patients with multiple sclerosis(Assoc Arquivos Neuro- Psiquiatria, 2024) Candiri, Busra; Ramazanoglu, Engin; Talu, Burcu; Tecellioglu, MehmetBackground Cognitive dysfunction is frequently seen in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are conflicting findings regarding the factors it is associated with. Objective To investigate the relationship between aerobic capacity, strength, disability, depression, fatigue, and cognitive reserve and function. Methods The mobile applications Trail Making Test (TMT A-B), Digit Span Test (DST), Visuospatial Memory Test (VSMT), and Tap Fast were used in the cognitive function evaluation. Functional performance was assessed with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 5-Time Sit-to-Sand (5STS) test, and grip strength. Cognitive Reserve Index (CRI), Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Nottingham Health Profile were also used. Results A significant difference was found between the MS and control groups only in the 6MWT, STS-5, grip strength, TMT, VSMT, and Tap Fast. Good correlation was found between the TMT-A and 6MWT and physical mobility. A fair correlation was shown between grip strength, energy, and pain status. A good correlation was found between TMT-B and 6MWT, and a fair relationship with disability, cognitive reserve, and pain. Good correlation was observed between the DST and 6MWT, left grip strength, pain, and energy status; fair correlations were found between right grip strength, cognitive reserve, and physical mobility. Good correlation was found between the VSMT and energy. A fair relationship between disability, cognitive reserve, and pain was demonstrated. Good correlation was observed between the Tap Fast score and disability, 5STS, FSS, energy, and physical mobility. A fair relationship was found between pain and social isolation. Conclusion It has been shown that cognitive performance in MS is related to disability, functional performance, cognitive reserve, fatigue, and general health.
