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    Does intraperitoneal medical ozone preconditioning and treatment ameliorate the methotrexate induced nephrotoxicity in rats?
    (E-Century Publishing Corp, 2015) Aslaner, Arif; Cakir, Tugrul; Celik, Betul; Dogan, Ugur; Mayir, Burhan; Akyuz, Cebrail; Polat, Cemal
    Methotrexate is a chemotherapeutic agent used for many cancer treatments. It leads to toxicity with its oxidative injury. The purpose of our study is investigating the medical ozone preconditioning and treatment has any effect on the methotrexate-induced kidneys by activating antioxidant enzymes in rats. Eighteen rats were divided into three equal groups; control, Mtx without and with medical ozone. Nephrotoxicity was performed with a single dose of 20 mg/kg Mtx intraperitoneally at the fifteenth day of experiment on groups 2 and 3. Medical ozone preconditioning was performed at a dose of 25 mcg/ml (5 ml) intraperitoneally everyday in the group 3 and treated with medical ozone for five more days while group 2 was received only 5 ml of saline everyday for twenty days. All rats were sacrificed at the end of third week and the blood and kidney tissue samples were obtained to measure the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, malondialdehyde, glutathione and myeloperoxidase. Kidney injury score was evaluated histolopatologically. Medical ozone preconditioning and treatment ameliorated the biochemical parameters and kidney injury induced by Mtx. There was significant increase in tissue MDA, MPO activity, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta (P<0.05) and significant decrease in tissue GSH and histopathology (P<0.05) after Mtx administration. The preconditioning and treatment with medical ozone ameliorated the nephrotoxicity induced by Mtx in rats by activating antioxidant enzymes and prevented renal tissue.
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    High prevalence of TEM, VIM, and OXA-2 beta-lactamases and clonal diversity among Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Turkey
    (J Infection Developing Countries, 2019) Asgin, Nergis; Otlu, Baris; Cakmakliogullari, Elcin Kal; Celik, Betul
    Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infections with high mortality. Treatment options are limited owing to its resistance to numerous antibiotics. Here, we sought to determine the antibiotic susceptibilities of A. baumannii isolates, investigate clonal relationship among the strains, and determine the frequency of beta-lactamase resistance genes. Methodology: The identification and antibiotic susceptibilities of 69 A. baumannii strains were determined using a BD-Phoenix automated system. The presence of bla(OXA-2), bla(OXA-10), bla(OXA-23), bla(OXA-24/)(40), bla(OXA-51), bla(OXA-58), bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(IMP), bla(VIM), and bla(GIM) genes were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and clonal relatioships among the isolates were determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: All strains were resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam, gentamicin, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone. While 65 of the 69 strains (94.2%) were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, imipenem, and meropenem, all swains were susceptible to tigecycline and colistin. The frequencies of b/aoxik-51, blaoxA-23, bIa(TEM), bla(OXA-2), bla(VIM), and bla(SHV) were 100%, 94.2%, 53.6%, 21.7%, 14.5%, and 2.9%, respectively. Based on PFGE results, 56 of the 69 strains were clonally related, and the clustering rate was 81.2%. No common outbreak isolate was detected. Conclusions: The most prevalent OXA genes were bla(OXA-51), bla(OXA-23), and bla(OXA-2). Furthermore, bla(TEM), bla(SHV), and bla(VIM), which are common in Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas spp, were detected, suggesting horizontal gene transfer had occurred between bacteria. No single clone outbreak was detected by PFGE. However, multiclonal spread and the high clustering rate suggest cross-contamination. Therefore, in future, more effective infection control measures must be implemented.
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    Investigation of bacterial pathogens in milk from mastitic dairy cattle by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry
    (Chulalongkorn Univ, 2022) Ozbey, Gokben; Otlu, Baris; Yakupogullari, Yusuf; Celik, Betul; Tanriverdi, Elif Seren; Kelestemur, Neslihan; Safak, Tarik
    The scope of the present study was to assess the use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) as a quick technique for the identification of bacterial species in mastitis. In this study, milk samples from each udder quarter from a total of 250 dairy cattle were aseptically collected and tested. The samples were grouped into California Mastitis Test (CMT) positive, CMT negative and clinical mastitis. The samples were streaked on blood agar and the bacterial isolates were analysed using MALDI-TOF MS. Using MALDI-TOF MS, certain species such as Staphylococcus chromogenes (44/188, 23.4%), Aerococcus viridans (40/188, 21.3%) and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (19/188, 10.1%) were identified at a higher proportion in milk samples from cattle that were CMT positive. Moreover, the most common bacteria isolated from CMT negative milk samples were A. viridans (56/161, 34.8%), S. haemolyticus (24/161, 14.9%) and S. chromogenes (17/161, 10.6%). Only one isolate of S. chromogenes (1/4, 25%), A. viridans (1/4, 25%), S. haemolyticus (1/4, 25%) and Enterococcus faecium (1/4, 25%) was detected from milk samples with clinical mastitis using MALDI-TOF MS. There was a concurrence between the MALDI-TOF and biochemical bacterial identification method in 325 of 353 samples (92.06%). This study concludes that MALDI-TOF can be applied for quick determination of bacterial isolates once the bacterial colony has been isolated in milk samples.
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    Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Bacillus Pseudo-Outbreak due to Contaminated Culture Tubes Containing Stuart Medium
    (Clin Lab Publ, 2022) Asgin, Nergis; Kal-Cakmakliogullari, Elcin; Otlu, Baris; Ersoy, Omer F.; Celik, Betul; Basustaoglu, Ahmet
    Background: It is challenging to determine whether Bacillus species other than Bacillus anthracis cause infections. Pseudo and true outbreaks of Bacillus spp. have been noted. Here, we present a molecular analysis of a Bacillus spp. pseudo-outbreak caused by contaminated culture tubes containing Stuart medium. Methods: Between January and March 2015, a high percentage of Bacillus spp. was isolated from the wound samples of inpatients at the Karabuk University Hospital, and an outbreak was suspected. Environmental and staff nasal samples were cultured aerobically, and Bacillus spp. were isolated from some of them. However, the isolation of Bacillus spp. in throat cultures of outpatients suggested contamination caused by culture tubes containing Stuart medium. We examined two lots of culture tubes used in the hospital. Although the culture tubes' expiry date and storage conditions were suitable, Bacillus spp. grew in one of these lots. A total of 47 Bacillus spp. isolated during this period were identified, and the clonal relationship among the isolates was investigated by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. Results: Twenty-seven strains were identified as Bacillus megaterium and 20 as Bacillus firmus. Of the four strains isolated from the Stuart medium, two were identified as B. firmus and the other two were B. megaterium. Two B. firmus strains isolated from the Stuart medium and two B. firmus strains obtained from the coronary intensive care environmental samples were matched and clustered within the same genotype. We recalled all culture tubes containing Stuart medium. After another brand's culture tubes were distributed, no growth was observed. It was then understood that the pseudo-outbreak source was contaminated culture tubes containing Stuart medium. Conclusions: Microbiological controls of medical materials and equipment should be regularly checked to prevent outbreaks (true or pseudo).